“…The few available studies, however, have attempted to explicate some patterns of learners' usage, which are at variance with StBrE, in terms of the structure of Setswana. Alimi (2007), for example, shows that some of the syntactic differences in students' usage of English articles and modals are traceable to their L1. Her study demonstrates that the expression can be able, is a product of the conflation of two verb forms, ka and kgona, 'can' and 'be able', respectively, which usually co-occur in Setswana.…”