English as a second language (ESL) learning experiences of immigrant high school students: A small city schools case study.

Code-switching by Chinese English-as-a-second-language students in computer-mediated communication: A multiple case study.

“…The theory o f cultural discontinuity argues that cultural mismatches, including differences in language, literacy beliefs, and interactional patterns between teachers and students result in difficulties in communication and interaction in the classroom, and consequently school failure (Gee, 1996;Heath 1983;Jacob & Jordan, 1993;Karanja, 2005;Ogbu, 1982). The home culture of students from minority groups is often described as traditional and static (Heath & McLaughlin, 1993).…”