“…In the process, teachers shape their own PD, by choosing what aspects to focus on, the time frame, the location, and with whom they want to work and how they work on a PD activity. This type of bottom-up, self-directed PD leads to self-determination, motivation, and positive and sustainable professional growth (Mercer et al, 2022), promoting agency, collaboration, and reflective thinking (Başar et al, 2020;Dikilitaş, 2020;Kuchah et al, 2019). In line with this perspective, the current study adopts a flexible, bottom-up, and self-directed approach to PD in which teachers play a leading role in the design and application of a PD practice based on CO. CO, one of the practices fostering reflective thinking, may be conducted formally by a teacher educator observing and evaluating a teacher's lesson (Copland and Donaghue, 2019;Wragg, 2011).…”