“…The use of LMS can increase learning independence (Cenka et al, 2022;Yatigammana & Wijayarathna, 2021;Maulidditya, Sudiana, and Pamungkas, 2020;Binyamin et al, 2017). Learning using LMS media can increase the average final grade (Jingga, Suteja, and Ayub 2021), effectively used in distance learning (online) (Rosita & Fatmasari, 2023;Astriani and Ismah 2023;Fitriani 2020), and effectively and efficiently used in supporting PBM (Hidayati et al, 2023;Bradley et al, 2021;Aldiab et al, 2019;Munir, 2010).…”