“…The D-ELD model is grounded in four instructional routines that accelerate ELLs' second language acquisition: oral language development (Gonzalez et al, 2014;Montelongo, Durán, & Hernández, 2013;Simsek & Erdogan, 2015;Trelease, 2013;Velasco, 2012), explicit academic vocabulary instruction (Gibbons, 2007;Saunders et al, 2013;Sheng, Lam, Cruz, & Fulton, 2016), meaningful interactions, and interactive games and activities (Gibbons, 2007;Goldenberg, 2013;Marzano & Pickering, 2005). This study specifically focused on the implementation of four strategies, one strategy embedded into each routine, that research has identified as effective in developing oral English skills among Spanish-speaking ELLs: (a) interactive read-alouds (Louie & Sierschynski, 2015;Trelease, 2013); (b) explicit vocabulary language development (Calderón, Slavin, & Sánchez, 2011;Gersten et al, 2007;Gibbons, 1993Gibbons, , 2007; (c) chanting of repetitive songs, poems, or rhymes (Paquette & Rieg, 2008); and (d) game-based language use activities (Derakhshan & Khatir, 2015;Gibbons, 1993Gibbons, , 2007.…”