2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132763
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Enhanced activity of a bifunctional Pt/zeolite Y catalyst with an intracrystalline hierarchical pore system in the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of levulinic acid

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Cited by 25 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, the non-local density functional theory (NLDFT) was employed to determine the pore structure. 41 It is revealed that micropores dominate in all the tested samples as shown in Table 3 . Regardless of Al to Si ratios, a similar specific total pore volume (0.20–0.22 cm 3 g −1 ) and a pore structure comprising 70% of micropores and 30% of mesopores are observed in the N 2 sorption results.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…Therefore, the non-local density functional theory (NLDFT) was employed to determine the pore structure. 41 It is revealed that micropores dominate in all the tested samples as shown in Table 3 . Regardless of Al to Si ratios, a similar specific total pore volume (0.20–0.22 cm 3 g −1 ) and a pore structure comprising 70% of micropores and 30% of mesopores are observed in the N 2 sorption results.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…To further confirm the Pt content, inductive coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) was applied using Agilent Technologies 700 series. The samples were digested with concentrated HF/HCl/HNO 3 with a volume ratio of 2:3:3 and saturated with H 3 BO 4 analysis for balancing out the excessive HF . The basicity of the catalysts was measured by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 -TPD) recorded on a BELCAT II chemisorption analyzer.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The samples were digested with concentrated HF/HCl/HNO 3 with a volume ratio of 2:3:3 and saturated with H 3 BO 4 analysis for balancing out the excessive HF. 62 The basicity of the catalysts was measured by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO 2 -TPD) recorded on a BELCAT II chemisorption analyzer. Before analysis, the catalyst was outgassed under He gas at 300 °C for 1 h. Afterward, the sample was saturated with CO 2 at 100 °C for 30 min and then purged with He to remove the physically adsorbed CO 2 for 30 min.…”
Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this regard, ZrO 2 -based catalysts were the first to facilitate the conversion of LA and LE to GVL with secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-propanol and 2-butanol) as a hydrogen source. Zr hydroxide ZrO(OH) 2 · x H 2 O and mesoporous zeolites with large surface areas , were also found effective for GVL production. An additional advantage of using zeolites is that the ratio of Lewis to Brønsted acid sites can be mediated, thus improving GVL selectivity. , …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%