SUMMARY
This paper proposes an effective approach based on particle swarm optimization to identify the break point set. Determining the directional loops and the optimal break point set in the multiloop is the first step during setting and coordination of directional relays in system protection. Arbitrary starting relay locations and arbitrary consideration of relay sequence to set and coordinate relays will result in navigating loops many times and usually result in futile attempts to achieve system‐wide relay coordination. First, the network is reduced if there are any parallel lines or three end nodes. Second, all the directed loops are enumerated to enhance the algorithm. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a set covering problem, and break point set is determined using particle swarm optimization technique. Effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is implemented in different test system, and the results are compared with the existing methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.