Enhanced bioactivity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium fermented extract: Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-melanogenic activity

Lee, Se‐Won; Lim, Jung Hyun; Mohan, Harshavardhan; Kamala‐Kannan, Seralathan; Park, Yool‐Jin; Lee, Jehee; Oh, Byung‐Taek

doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.12.003

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Cytotoxicity assays measure the ability of materials such as chemicals, natural toxins, or immunomediators to cause cell death. Cytotoxicity assays are an important step in the evaluation of biomedical applications of plant materials and have been widely employed in basic research and drug development to screen the libraries for toxic compounds [ 41 , 42 ]. Here, the cytotoxicity of ZS extracts was assayed against WI-38 and U-937 cells, and the results are shown in Figure 3 ; Figure 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Bioactivity and Safety Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Fruit and Pericarp

et al. 2021

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The fruit and pericarp of Zanthoxylum schinifolium (ZS) have been used in traditional medicine; however, few studies have characterized ZS fruit and pericarp. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the safety of ZS fruit (ZSF) and pericarp (ZSP) extracts and compared their bioactivity. To evaluate the safety of ZSF and ZSP, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress assays were performed and nontoxic concentration ranges were obtained. ZSP was found to be superior to ZSF in terms of its antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In the S9 mix, the mutation inhibition rate of ZSP was close to 100% at concentrations exceeding 625 µg·plate-1 for both the TA98 and TA100 strains. ZSP exhibited efficient DPPH (IC50 = 75.6 ± 6.1 µg·mL−1) and ABTS (IC50 = 57.4 ± 6 µg·mL−1) scavenging activities. ZSP inhibited the release of cytokines, involved in IL-1β (IC50 = 134.4 ± 7.8), IL-6 (IC50 = 262.8 ± 11.2), and TNF-α (IC50 = 223.8 ± 5.8). These results indicate that ZSP contains a higher amount of biochemicals than ZSF, or that ZSP contains unique biochemicals. In conclusion, for certain physiological activities, the use of ZSP alone may be more beneficial than the combined use of ZSF and ZSP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Bioactivity and Safety Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Fruit and Pericarp

et al. 2021

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“…These plants represent various groups of medicinal plants that are widely distributed in a number of asian countries and have a long history of use in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Moreover, over the past few decades, increased attention has been directed towards the use of functional components from these plants in biomedical applications to treat various diseases, such as cancer (22)(23)(24)(25), allergies (26), dermatopathology (27,28) and other diseases (29)(30)(31)(32). However, little is known about their effects and functions as natural anti-melanogenic agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of Artemisia capillaris essential oil on melanogenesis in the B16F10 cell line

et al. 2022

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The present study investigated the anti-melanogenic activity of 10 essential oils using the B16F10 cell model. initially, a wide range of concentrations of these essential oils were screened in order to determine their toxicity levels. The assigned non-toxic concentrations of the tested essential oils were then used to evaluate their effects on melanogenesis. The effects of the essential oils with potent anti-melanogenic activity on cell proliferation, protection against H 2 o 2 -induced cell death and the expression of certain melanogenesis-related genes, including MiTF, tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TrP)-1 and TrP-2 were also evaluated. The results revealed that the essential oils extracted from Citrus unshiu, Juniperus chinensis l., Zanthoxylum piperitum and Artemisia capillaris (A. capillaris) inhibited melanogenesis. However, among these four extracts, only A. capillaris extract enhanced cell proliferation, exhibited anti-H 2 o 2 activities and decreased the expression level of TrP-1. it was demonstrated that A. capillaris extract inhibited melanin synthesis via the downregulation of the TrP-1 translational level. These essential oil extracts, particularly that of A. capillaris, may thus be used as natural anti-melanogenic agents for therapeutic purposes and in the cosmetic industry for skin whitening effects with beneficial proliferative properties. However, further studies using in vivo models are required to validate these findings and to examine the effects of these extracts on various molecular pathways.

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“…Z. schinifolium is also prescribed as a herbal medicine in traditional practice to treat several symptoms [ 14 15 16 ]. To corroborate these applications, a number of pharmacological activities of the plant have been reported, which include anti-viral, anti-obesity, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects [ 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ]. Although recent studies show that Z. schinifolium exerts antitumor effects on human cancer cells [ 24 25 26 27 ], the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of apoptotic cell death in human bladder cancer cells by ethanol extract ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumleaf, through ROS-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Zanthoxylum schinifolium is traditionally used as a spice for cooking in East Asian countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferative potential of ethanol extracts of Z. schinifolium leaves (EEZS) against human bladder cancer T24 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Subsequent to measuring the cytotoxicity of EEZS, the anti-cancer activity was measured by assessing apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, we determined the underlying mechanism of EEZS-induced apoptosis through various assays, including Western blot analysis. RESULTS EEZS treatment concentration-dependently inhibited T24 cell survival, which is associated with apoptosis induction. Exposure to EEZS induced the expression of Fas and Fas-ligand, activated caspases, and subsequently resulted to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. EEZS also enhanced the expression of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by suppressing MMP, following increase in the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expression and truncation of Bid. However, EEZS-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly diminished by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Moreover, EEZS inhibited activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and the apoptosis-inducing potential of EEZS was promoted in the presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor. In addition, EEZS enhanced the production of ROS, whereas N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly suppressed growth inhibition and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by EEZS. Furthermore, NAC significantly attenuated the EEZS-induced apoptosis and reduction of cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that exposure to EEZS exhibits anti-cancer activity in T24 bladder cancer cells through ROS-dependent induction of apoptosis and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

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Enhanced bioactivity of Zanthoxylum schinifolium fermented extract: Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-melanogenic activity

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Comparative Study of Bioactivity and Safety Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Fruit and Pericarp

Comparative Study of Bioactivity and Safety Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Fruit and Pericarp

Inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of Artemisia capillaris essential oil on melanogenesis in the B16F10 cell line

Induction of apoptotic cell death in human bladder cancer cells by ethanol extract ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumleaf, through ROS-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

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