Enhanced biotransformation of the minor ginsenosides in red ginseng extract by Penicillium decumbens β-glucosidase

Kim, Soyeon; Lee, Ha-Nul; Hong, Seong-Jin; Kang, Hyun‐Wook; Cho, Jae-Young; Kim, Doman; Ameer, Kashif; Kim, Young‐Min

doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109941

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results are consistent with previous reports. 46–49 The trend for enzyme activity after immobilization shows little difference compared with that for the free enzyme, indicating that the immobilization achieved by the specific adsorption system has no significant effect on the properties and structure of the enzyme and its activity is successfully maintained. This further verifies the success of the interaction between Glu-6× His and NiO NPs and the feasibility of the practical application of the CBR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood-inspired high-efficiency bioreactors with hierarchical porous structures for continuous flow reactions

et al. 2023

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood-inspired high-efficiency bioreactors with hierarchical porous structures for continuous flow reactions

et al. 2023

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“…Most ginsenosides contain a dammarane skeleton combined with various glycosidic residues, such as glucose, rhamnose, xylose, and arabinose. Among different carbohydrate hydrolases, β-glucosidase was considered the key enzyme for deglucosylated minor ginsenoside production ( Song et al, 2017 ; Kim et al, 2022 ). Therefore, all 93 isolates from P. bipinnatifidus were preliminary screened for β-glucosidase activities by the agar selecting method, and 11 strains (belonging to 11 taxa, 8 genera) showed strong β-glucosidase activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, over 200 ginsenosides have been identified including major and minor ginsenosides. Major ginsenosides, including Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1, account for more than 80% of the total ginsenosides in wild ginseng ( Kim et al, 2022 ). However, deglycosylated minor ginsenosides, which are present in very low amounts in most natural ginseng plants, are generally more pharmaceutically active than major glycosylated ginsenosides because of higher bioavailability ( Cui et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, deglycosylated minor ginsenosides, which are present in very low amounts in most natural ginseng plants, are generally more pharmaceutically active than major glycosylated ginsenosides because of higher bioavailability ( Cui et al, 2016 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Therefore, converting major ginsenosides to minor ginsenosides attracted lots of attention ( Li and Fan, 2020 ; Siddiqi et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2022 ), and several preparations of minor ginsenosides were successfully commercialized with high price due to inefficient production ( Li and Fan, 2020 ). The microbial fermentation and application of the isolated enzymes are the most feasible methods to solve the bottleneck problems because biocatalytic reactions have high substrate specificity, take place under mild conditions, produce just a few byproducts, and require simpler post-processing procedures ( Li and Fan, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and Ginsenoside Biotransformation Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated With Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus in Qinling Mountains, China

Shi

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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To obtain novel fungi with potent β-glucosidase for minor ginsenoside production, Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus, which is a traditional medicinal plant containing various ginsenosides, was first employed to isolate endophytic fungi in this study. A total of 93 representative morphotype strains were isolated and identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses, and they were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, and Mucoromycetes), and 24 genera. Plectosphaerella (RA, 19.35%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Paraphoma (RA, 11.83%) and Fusarium (RA, 9.70%). The species richness index (S, 34) and the Shannon–Wiener index (H’, 3.004) indicated that P. bipinnatifidus harbored abundant fungal resources. A total of 26 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. In total, 11 strains showed strong β-glucosidase activities and also presented with the ability of ginsenoside biotransformation with varied glycoside-hydrolyzing pathways. Excitingly, three genera, namely, Ilyonectria, Sarocladium, and Lecanicillium, and all 11 taxa were first found to have the ability to transform ginsenosides in our study. The results indicated that P. bipinnatifidus could be a new fungi resource with potential novel natural compounds with antimicrobial activity and potent β-glucosidase for varied minor ginsenoside production.

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“…Compared with other available sources, microorganisms offer numerous advantages including easy handling, higher multiplication rate, and high production yield. Recently, these enzymes have been isolated and purified from a wide range of microorganisms ( Panesar et al, 2010 ; Emanuelle et al, 2022 ; Kim et al, 2022 ). In our previous study, we first identified a gene cluster encoding α- L -rhamnosidase, β- D -galactosidase, and β- D -glucosidase in G. halophytocola S2 ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifunctional enzyme portfolio for α-chaconine and α-solanine degradation in the Phthorimaea operculella gut bacterium Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2 encoded in a trisaccharide utilization locus

Wang

Du²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are secondary metabolites commonly found in members of the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, and are toxic to pests and humans. The predominant SGAs in potato are α-chaconine and α-solanine. We previously reported that Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2, a gut bacterium of the pest Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth), can degrade α-chaconine and α-solanine in potatoes, which can improve the fitness of P. operculella to feed on potatoes with a high content of toxic SGAs. Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2 harbored a gene cluster containing three deglycosylase genes—GE000599, GE000600, and GE000601—that were predicted encode α-rhamnosidase (RhaA), β-glucosidase (GluA), and β-galactosidase (GalA). However, there is limited information is available on the enzyme activities of the three enzymes expressed by this gene cluster and how they degrade the major toxic α-chaconine and α-solanine. In the current study, each enzyme of this gene cluster was produced by a prokaryotic expression approach and the activity of the recombinant enzymes for their target substrate and α-chaconine and α-solanine were evaluated by EPOCH microplate spectrophotometer and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The three enzymes had multifunctional activities, with RhaA and GluA could hydrolyze α-rhamnose, β-glucose, and β-galactose, while GalA can hydrolyze β-glucose and β-galactose. The degradation of α-chaconine and α-solanine was consistent with the results of the enzyme activity assays. The final product solanidine could be generated by adding RhaA or GluA alone. In conclusion, this study characterized the multifunctional activity and specific degradation pathway of these three enzymes in G. halophytocola S2. The three multifunctional enzymes have high glycosidic hydrolysis activity and clear gene sequence information, which help facilitates understanding the detoxification mechanism of insect gut microbes. The enzymes have a broad application potential and may be valuable in the removal of toxic SGAs from for potato food consumption.

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Enhanced biotransformation of the minor ginsenosides in red ginseng extract by Penicillium decumbens β-glucosidase

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

Wood-inspired high-efficiency bioreactors with hierarchical porous structures for continuous flow reactions

Wood-inspired high-efficiency bioreactors with hierarchical porous structures for continuous flow reactions

Diversity and Ginsenoside Biotransformation Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Fungi Associated With Panax bipinnatifidus var. bipinnatifidus in Qinling Mountains, China

A multifunctional enzyme portfolio for α-chaconine and α-solanine degradation in the Phthorimaea operculella gut bacterium Glutamicibacter halophytocola S2 encoded in a trisaccharide utilization locus

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