Enhanced Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis with Transformed BaO

Hattori, Minoru; Mori, Takahiro; Arai, Tomohiro; Inoue, Yasunori; Sasase, Masato; Tada, Tomofumi; Kitano, Masaaki; Yokoyama, Toshiharu; Hara, Michikazu; Hosono, Hideo

doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b02839

Cited by 80 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…2b, c). The apparent activation energy for ammonia synthesis over the catalyst in the range of 50-150°C was estimated to be 20 kJ mol −1 , which is less than half that of reported catalysts (from 40 kJ mol −1 ) 6,14,18,19,21 . Furthermore, Ru/CaFH as a stable catalyst surpasses conventional catalysts at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Cs-Ru/MgO has a higher catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis than the commercial Fe catalyst above 300-400°C. Ru/BaH 2 -BaO acts as a highly active ammonia synthesis catalyst 18 that is comparable with Ru nanoparticles immobilized on Ca(NH 2 ) 2 containing Ba 2+ (Ru/Ba-Ca (NH 2 ) 2 ), which exhibits the highest catalytic performance for ammonia synthesis among the reported catalysts over wide temperature (200-450°C) and pressure ranges (0.1-0.9 MPa) 6 . Supplementary Table 2 shows the physicochemical information (surface area, porosity, and Ru particle size) and the rates of ammonia formation for Ru/CaFH, Ru/CaH 2 , Ru/Ba-Ca(NH 2 ) 2 , Ru/BaO-BaH 2 , Ru/C12A7 19 , Cs-Ru/MgO, and a commercial Fe catalyst as benchmark catalysts at 100-340°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…3. Figure 3 also contains the results for CaH 2 (Ru/CaH 2 ), a BaH 2 -BaO mixture (Ru/BaH 2 -BaO) 18 , and Cs-doped MgO (Cs-Ru/MgO) 6,10 loaded with Ru nanoparticles, and a commercial Fe catalyst 6 for comparison. Cs-Ru/MgO has a higher catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis than the commercial Fe catalyst above 300-400°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After 2 h, the sample was heated at 340°C for 10 h in the H 2 flow.Preparation of Ru/CaH 2 , Ru/BaH 2 , and Ru/BaH 2 -BaO. According to previous reports18 , Ru/CaH 2 , Ru/BaH 2 , and Ru/BaH 2 -BaO were prepared by heating CaH 2 , BaH 2 , and a mixture of 3 mol% BaO (Kojundo Chemical) and 97 mol% CaH 2 , respectively, with Ru(acac) 3 corresponding to 10 wt% Ru at 260°C in a flow of H 2 (2.5 mL min -1 ). After 2 h, the samples were heated at 340°C for 10 h in the H 2 flow.…”

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Solid solution for catalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen gases at 50 °C

et al. 2020

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The lack of efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis from N 2 and H 2 gases at the lower temperature of ca. 50°C has been a problem not only for the Haber-Bosch process, but also for ammonia production toward zero CO 2 emissions. Here, we report a new approach for low temperature ammonia synthesis that uses a stable electron-donating heterogeneous catalyst, cubic CaFH, a solid solution of CaF 2 and CaH 2 formed at low temperatures. The catalyst produced ammonia from N 2 and H 2 gases at 50°C with an extremely small activation energy of 20 kJ mol −1 , which is less than half that for conventional catalysts reported. The catalytic performance can be attributed to the weak ionic bonds between Ca 2+ and H − ions in the solid solution and the facile release of hydrogen atoms from H − sites.

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confidence: 67%

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confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid solution for catalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen gases at 50 °C

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“…779.9 and 780.8 eV, assigning to BaO and BaCO 3 , respectively. 41,42 While the binding energy position of the Ba-Ru/N-MC catalyst is 779.6 and 780.5 eV. The binding energy of barium in the Ba/Ru-N-MC catalyst is positive shied compared with Ba-Ru/N-MC catalyst, suggesting that the N atom has a certain effect on the electronic state of Ba for the Ba/Ru-N-MC catalyst, which leads to the strong electron donating ability of Ba promoter in Ba/Ru-N-MC catalyst.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nitrogen co-doping with ruthenium on the catalytic performance of Ba/Ru–N-MC catalysts for ammonia synthesis

Lan

Wang

et al. 2019

RSC Adv.

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Emerging Materials and Methods toward Ammonia‐Based Energy Storage and Conversion

et al. 2021

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Efficient storage and conversion of renewable energies is of critical importance to the sustainable growth of human society. With its distinguishing features of high hydrogen content, high energy density, facile storage/transportation, and zero-carbon emission, ammonia has been recently considered as a promising energy carrier for long-term and large-scale energy storage. Under this scenario, the synthesis, storage, and utilization of ammonia are key components for the implementation of ammonia-mediated energy system. Being different from fossil fuels, renewable energies normally have intermittent and variable nature, and thus pose demands on the improvement of existing technologies and simultaneously the development of alternative methods and materials for ammonia synthesis and storage. The energy release from ammonia in an efficient manner, on the other hand, is vital to achieve a sustainable energy supply and complete the nitrogen circle. Herein, recent advances in the thermal-, electro-, plasma-, and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis, ammonia storage or separation, ammonia thermal/ electrochemical decomposition and conversion are summarized with the emphasis on the latest developments of new methods and materials (catalysts, electrodes, and sorbents) for these processes. The challenges and potential solutions are discussed.

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Enhanced Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis with Transformed BaO

Cited by 80 publications

References 35 publications

Solid solution for catalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen gases at 50 °C

Solid solution for catalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen gases at 50 °C

Effect of nitrogen co-doping with ruthenium on the catalytic performance of Ba/Ru–N-MC catalysts for ammonia synthesis

Emerging Materials and Methods toward Ammonia‐Based Energy Storage and Conversion

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