Enhanced chromizing kinetics of tool steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment

Lu, Shengjun; Wang, Z.B.; Lu, K.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2009.10.030

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The ratio of the value into the as-SMAT sample relative to the value into the CG sample decreased with elevating temperatures. A similar trend has also been observed in a GNS H13 steel sample, in which a significantly increased Cr-diffusion depth with respect to that in the CG sample was achieved at chromizing temperatures below 600 °C, and the depth even decreased with increasing temperatures above 600 °C [33]. Meanwhile, it was noticed that an isothermal preannealing might decrease the Cr-diffusion depth.…”

Section: Reviewsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In addition, phase constitutions in compound layers formed at lower temperatures were sometimes different (sometimes not as satisfying) from conventional ones formed at higher temperatures. A duplex surface alloying processes, that is, a lower temperature ( T 1 ) process followed by a higher temperature ( T 2 ) process, have been developed to overcome these limitations [32–33 90]. The process at T 1 allowed an effective diffusion of alloying elements and compound formation along GBs, while the nanostructures were relatively stable.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

Wang¹,

Lu²

2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Gradient nanostructures (GNSs) have been optimized in recent years for desired performance. The diffusion behavior in GNS metals is crucial for understanding the diffusion mechanism and relative characteristics of different interfaces that provide fundamental understanding for advancing the traditional surface alloying processes. In this paper, atomic diffusion, reactive diffusion, and surface alloying processes are reviewed for various metals with a preformed GNS surface layer. We emphasize the promoted atomic diffusion and reactive diffusion in the GNS surface layer that are related to a higher interfacial energy state with respect to those in relaxed coarse-grained samples. Accordingly, different surface alloying processes, such as nitriding and chromizing, have been modified significantly, and some diffusion-related properties have been enhanced. Finally, the perspectives on current research in this field are discussed.

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Section: Reviewsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

Wang¹,

Lu²

2017

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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“…It is well-known that grain boundaries act as fast diffusion channels, and refining the grain size into nanometer scale may significantly enhance atomic diffusivity in metallic materials [17,18]. For example, with the help of significantly enhanced diffusivity in nanostructured surface layers produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) [19,20], nitriding, chromizing, aluminizing, and galvannealing have been achieved at much lower temperatures on different materials than the conventional processing temperatures on the coarse-grained (CG) counterparts [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Meanwhile, promoted film cohesion strength and wear resistance have been obtained on a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating which was sputter deposited on 304 stainless steel with a nanostructured surface layer in comparison with in the CG-DLC coupled sample [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced bonding property of cold-sprayed Zn-Al coating on interstitial-free steel substrate with a nanostructured surface layer

Liang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Applied Surface Science

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“…Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) has been proved to be an effective way to achieve surface nanocrystallization on various metallic materials [12][13][14][15][16] and can be used to accelerate the chemical reaction of a material surface. Great progress has been achieved in nitriding, chromizing, and synthesizing functional nanoproducts via SMAT [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Hence, we consider modifying the surface of the metallic materials by SMAT and taking it as the catalyst as well as the substrate for the fabrication of CNFs/CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Formation of Carbon Nanomaterials on Bulk Metallic Materials

Yang

et al. 2014

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanomaterials were synthesized in situ on bulk 316L stainless steel, pure cobalt, and pure nickel by hybrid surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). The microstructures of the treated samples and the resulted carbon nanomaterials were investigated by SEM and TEM characterizations. Different substrates resulted in different morphologies of products. The diameter of carbon nanomaterials is related to the size of the nanograins on the surface layer of substrates. The possible growth mechanism was discussed. Effects of the main parameters of the synthesis, including the carbon source and gas reactant composition, hydrogen, and the reaction temperature, were studied. Using hybrid SMAT is proved to be an effective way to synthesize carbon nanomaterials in situ on surfaces of metallic materials. Materials and MethodsSamples were stainless steel (AISI 316L), pure cobalt (purity 99.9%), and pure nickel (purity 99.9%) plates. The plates were 20 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness and were firstly subjected to the SMAT process. Details of SMAT can be found in the previous work [15,16]. After SMAT, a nanocrystalline surface layer was achieved. During SMAT

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Enhanced chromizing kinetics of tool steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

Enhanced bonding property of cold-sprayed Zn-Al coating on interstitial-free steel substrate with a nanostructured surface layer

In Situ Formation of Carbon Nanomaterials on Bulk Metallic Materials

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