Enhanced circulation during a warm period

Ravelo, Ana Christina; Andreasen, Dyke

doi:10.1029/1999gl007000

Cited by 106 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…An increase in meridional ocean heat transport was suggested as being a major contributing factor to Antarctic warming in the Pliocene, based on records of North Atlantic SST (Dowsett et al 1992;Kwiek and Ravelo 1999;Ravelo and Andreasen 2000;Haywood et al 2000). Despite the extensive data supporting this process it has not always been replicated by GCMs, which instead show some tropical warming with more moderate polar amplification (Zhang et al 2013).…”

Section: Possible Explanations Of Warmer Antarctic Coastal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil proxies of near-shore sea surface temperatures and seasonality from the late Neogene Antarctic shelf

Clark

Williams

Hill

et al. 2013

Naturwissenschaften

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Section: Possible Explanations Of Warmer Antarctic Coastal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossil proxies of near-shore sea surface temperatures and seasonality from the late Neogene Antarctic shelf

Clark

Williams

Hill

et al. 2013

Naturwissenschaften

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“…δ 18 O and δ 13 C values, reconstructed from benthic foraminifera data for ODP552 (56°N,23°W), ODP607 (41°N,33°W), ODP407 (47°S,7°E) and ODP849 (0°, 111°W) for the interval from ~3.35 to 2.95 Ma, indicate that during warmer (colder) periods with more negative (positive) δ 18 O, the δ 13 C gradient among the above four sites was smaller (larger) than that during the Holocene [65]. Ravelo et al [66] and Hodell et al [67] pointed out that the δ 13 C gradient between the North and the South Atlantic has greatly increased since 3.0 Ma. The above evidences suggest a stronger AMOC in the Middle Pliocene than at present.…”

Section: Amoc In the Middle Pliocenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, ambiguity in the interpretation of paleoclimatic records cannot be ignored. If the intensified AMOC was a cause of extreme warming in the subpolar North Atlantic, we ask why there was almost no change in the δ 13 C values from ODP606, ODP 925 and ODP 552 since 3 Ma [66], which would indicate little change in AMOC since the Middle Pliocene. In the South Atlantic, changes in δ 13 C for ODP1088 (41°S,3°W) and ODP1090 (42°S,9°W) were completely different [67].…”

Section: Amoc In the Middle Pliocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

et al. 2011

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The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12-2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth's history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene-Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3-to simulate the Middle Pliocene climate with a fully coupled model Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model. From comparison of the results of simulations with reconstructions, we considered two important scientific topics of Middle Pliocene climate modeling: extreme warming in the subpolar North Atlantic and a permanent El Niño in the tropical Pacific. Our simulations illustrate that the global annual mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the Middle Pliocene was about 2.3°C higher than that in the pre-industrial era. The warming was stronger at mid-and high latitudes than at low latitudes. The simulated SST changes agree with SST reconstructions in PRISM3 data, especially for the North Atlantic, North Pacific and west coast of South America. However, there were still discrepancies between the simulation of the SST and reconstructions for the subpolar North Atlantic and tropical Pacific. In the case of the Atlantic, the weakened meridional overturning circulation in the simulation did not support the reconstruction of the extremely warm condition in the subpolar North Atlantic. In the case of the tropical Pacific, the whole ocean warmed, especially the eastern tropical Pacific, which did not support the permanent El Niño suggested by the reconstruction. From evaluation of the modeling and reconstruction, we suggest that the above discrepancies were due to uncertainties in reconstructions, difficulties in paleoclimate modeling and deficiencies of climate models. The discrepancies should be reduced through consideration of both the modeling and data.Middle Pliocene, sea surface temperature, permanent El Niño, numerical modeling, extreme warming Citation:Yan Q, Zhang Z S, Wang H J, et al. Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions. Chinese Sci Bull, 2011Bull, , 56: 890−899, doi: 10.1007 Paleoclimate modeling is employed to study paleoclimate evolution through numerical simulations using climate models. It is a tool for better understanding the mechanisms behind past time climate changes as well as a method of *Corresponding authors (email: yanqing@mail.iap.ac.cn; zhongshi.zhang@bjerknes.uib.no) evaluating the capability and effectiveness of climate models. A model that can reasonably simulate the past climate is thought to be more reliable in predicting the future climate. Over the past two decades, many geological studies have presented results on different time scales through reconstruction [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In terms of modeling, on the other hand,

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“…Compelling evidence shows that North Pacific middepth water (~2500 m) had much lower nutrient concentrations in the warm Pliocene (~4.5-3.0 Ma) than today, indicating that it was more strongly ventilated (Kwiek and Ravelo, 1999;Ravelo and Andreasen, 2000). Although increased subsurface ventilation in the cold Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the warm Pliocene could be interpreted in a number of different ways and is likely not explained by the same processes, only data that directly reflect conditions in the Bering Sea (and the Sea of Okhotsk) can help constrain interpretations.…”

Section: Pliocene-pleistocene Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRD recovered at DSDP and ODP sites indicates that increased watermass stratification coincides with more extensive glaciation (Haug et al, 1999;Kwiek and Ravelo, 1999;Ravelo and Andreasen, 2000;Rea and Schrader, 1985). Furthermore, more IRD is found along the Aleutian Islands (DSDP Site 192) than farther north in the Bering Sea (DSDP Sites 186 and 191) because there is more extensive ice cover in the north compared to the more seasonal ice cover at the Aleutian site (McKelvey et al, 1995;Krissek, 1995 Uozumi et al, 1986), but a recent study documented the age of first occurrence as 5.5-5.4 Ma (Gladenkov, 2006).…”

Section: Pliocene-pleistocene Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%