Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment by
allowing T cells to reactivate. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a biomarker that has
emerged as a viable diagnostic for locating patients who would benefit from
immunotherapy in particular cancer types. Greater neo-antigens mean more
opportunities for T cell identification, and TMB is clinically linked to better immune
checkpoint inhibitors. Tumor foreignness is a cancer immunogram, and TMB can be
used as a substitute for foreignness. The role of TMB analysis as an independent
predictor of immunotherapy response in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor
medications is the subject of this mini-review.