Enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature as the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index upon the human body

Kurazumi, Yoshihito; Fukagawa, Kenta; Yamato, Yoshiaki; Tobita, Kunihito; Kondo, Emi; Tsuchikawa, Tadahiro; Horikoshi, Tetsumi; Matsubara, Naoki

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.06.012

Cited by 25 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although Kurazumi et al [6,7] derived ETF and ETFe using the heat loss in Eq. (53), the present paper adopts Eq.…”

Section: Consideration Of Heat Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ETFe proposed by Kurazumi et al [7] can also consider solar radiation and heat conduction, but has the same disadvantage as the original ETVS of Eq. (22), because the coefficient by which the effective fields in ETFe are divided depends on the air velocity.…”

Section: Consideration Of Heat Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These separations indicate how much each environmental factor affects the universal effect; therefore, it is helpful to understand which factors should be improved to make us feel thermally comfortable. Since then, new indices indicating both universal and separate effects, e.g., ETVO [5], ETF [6], and ETFe [7], have been proposed. ETVO is applicable to the outdoors with solar radiation, not to non-uniform conditions or situations involving sitting or lying on something with heat conduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New index indicating the universal and separate effects on human comfort under outdoor and non-uniform thermal conditions

Nagano

Horikoshi

2011

Energy and Buildings

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“…Although Kurazumi et al [6,7] derived ETF and ETFe using the heat loss in Eq. (53), the present paper adopts Eq.…”

Section: Consideration Of Heat Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Consideration Of Heat Conductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New index indicating the universal and separate effects on human comfort under outdoor and non-uniform thermal conditions

Nagano

Horikoshi

2011

Energy and Buildings

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“…Thus, the following discussion will clarify seasonal differences regarding effects on the thermal sense, by using of the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe [27]. The ETFe [27] is based on the heat balance of the human body.…”

Section: Relationship Between Air Temperature and Mean Skin Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it was considered to be thermal comfort, but it cannot be denied that it was a comprehensive comfortable feeling including not only the thermal comfort but also the effects of that space. Kurazumi et al [25] [26] quantified the human body effects using the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe [27] based on the heat balance of the human body. Even actual measurements in outdoor environments limited to thermal sensation showed that people prefer a lower temperature in summer than in winter, and tolerate higher temperatures in summer than in winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Differences of Psychological and Physiological Responses in Tropical Urban Climate

Kurazumi¹,

Ishii²,

Fukagawa³

et al. 2017

Health

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This research aims to use the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index ETFe to quantify effects on the thermal sense of the human body of a tropical region climate with small annual temperature differences, and to examine seasonal differences in the thermal sense. Given that the average temperature of the earth is forecasted to rise, studying the effects on the human body from outdoor thermal environments in tropical regions is important for considering how to spend time outdoors in the future. This study clarifies seasonal differences in effects on the human body by comparing the effects on the thermal sensations of the human body from outdoor thermal environments in the winter and the dry season of Bangkok, Thailand in the tropics. The mobile measurements were carried out on the campus of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. The subjects reported the thermal sensation and the thermal comfort that they experienced while exposed at the observation point. Air temperature, humidity, air velocity, short-wave solar radiation, long-wave thermal radiation, ground surface temperature, sky factor and the ratio of green and water surface solid angles were measured. We found no large seasonal difference between the winter and the dry season in skin temperature due to body temperature regulation. It is clear that in the winter season, people prefer a lower temperature than in the dry season, and in the dry season they tolerate higher temperatures than in winter. The effect of the seasonal difference appears in the amount of change to thermal sensation. We found that it is difficult for seasonal differences to greatly affect the amount of change to thermal comfort. We found that the effect of seasonal difference is that people show stronger responses to thermal comfort for thermal sensation 897in winter than in the dry season.

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The influence of outdoor thermal environment on young Japanese females

et al. 2013

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The influence of short wave solar radiation appears to be strong outdoors in summer, and the influence of airflow appears to be strong outdoors in winter. The purpose of this paper was to clarify the influence of the outdoor environment on young Japanese females. This research shows the relationship between the physiological and psychological responses of humans and the enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature (ETFe). Subjective experiments were conducted in an outdoor environment. Subjects were exposed to the thermal environment in a standing posture. Air temperature, humidity, air velocity, short wave solar radiation, long wave radiation, ground surface temperature, sky factor, and the green solid angle were measured. The temperatures of skin exposed to the atmosphere and in contact with the ground were measured. Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were measured by means of rating the whole-body thermal sensation (cold-hot) and the whole body thermal comfort (comfortable-uncomfortable) on a linear scale. Linear rating scales are given for the hot (100) and cold (0), and comfortable (100) and uncomfortable (0) directions only. Arbitrary values of 0 and 100 were assigned to each endpoint, the reported values read in, and the entire length converted into a numerical value with an arbitrary scale of 100 to give a linear rating scale. The ETFe considered to report a neither hot nor cold, thermally neutral sensation of 50 was 35.9 °C, with 32.3 °C and 42.9 °C, respectively, corresponding to the low and high temperature ends of the ETFe considered to report a neither comfortable nor uncomfortable comfort value of 50. The mean skin temperature considered to report a neither hot nor cold, thermally neutral sensation of 50 was 33.3 °C, with 31.0 °C and 34.3 °C, respectively, corresponding to the low and high temperature ends of the mean skin temperature considered to report a neither comfortable nor uncomfortable comfort value of 50. The acceptability raised the mean skin temperature even for thermal environment conditions in which ETFe was high.

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Enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature as the outdoor thermal environment evaluation index upon the human body

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

New index indicating the universal and separate effects on human comfort under outdoor and non-uniform thermal conditions

New index indicating the universal and separate effects on human comfort under outdoor and non-uniform thermal conditions

Seasonal Differences of Psychological and Physiological Responses in Tropical Urban Climate

The influence of outdoor thermal environment on young Japanese females

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