Enhanced conductivity of sodium versus lithium salts measured by impedance spectroscopy. Sodium cobaltacarboranes as electrolytes of choice

Abstract

The development of new types of ion conducting materials is one of the most important challenges in the field of energy. Lithium salt polymer electrolytes have been the most convenient, and thus the most widely used in the design of the new generation of batteries. However, in this work, we have observed that Na ions provide a higher conductivity, or at least a comparable conductivity to that of Li ions in the same basic material. This provides an excellent possibility to use Na ions in the design of a new generation of batteries, instead of lithium, to enhance conductivity and ensure wide supply. Our results indicate that the dc-conductivity is larger when the anion is [Co(CBH)], [COSANE], compared to tetraphenylborate, [TPB]. Our data also prove that the dc-conductivity behavior of Li and Na salts is opposite with the two anions. At 40 °C, the conductivity values change from 1.05 × 10 S cm (Li[COSANE]) and 1.75 × 10 S cm (Na[COSANE]) to 2.8 × 10 S cm (Li[TPB]) and 1.5 × 10 S cm (Na[TPB]). These findings indicate that metallacarboranes can be useful components of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), providing excellent conductivity when the medium contains sufficient amounts of ionic components and a certain degree of humidity.

Metallacarboranes on the Road to Anticancer Therapies: Cellular Uptake, DNA Interaction, and Biological Evaluation of Cobaltabisdicarbollide [COSAN]−

“…[Na⋅2.5H 2 O][COSAN] was synthesized as previously reported . The sodium cation is solvated by 2.5 H 2 O but the salt formula [Na⋅2.5H 2 O][COSAN] is abbreviated as Na[COSAN] within the text.…”

“…Materials [Na·2.5H 2 O][COSAN] was synthesized as previously reported. [21] The sodium cation is solvated by 2.5 H 2 Ob ut the salt formula [Na·2.5H 2 O][COSAN] is abbreviated as Na[COSAN] within the text. Potassium nitrate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride were obtained from Scharlab Company.C T-dsDNA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. CT-dsDNA stock solutions (nominally 1.0 mg mL À1 )w ere prepared in phosphate buffer (PB, 0.1 m, pH 7.0).…”

Are the Accompanying Cations of Doping Anions Influential in Conducting Organic Polymers? The Case of the Popular PEDOT

“…[28] Similar results were found when we compared the PEDOT:M[COSANE] samples with different orthophosphates in which partial substitution of Cs + by Rb + and Ba 2 + has taken place to give Cs 1Àx Rb x H 2 PO 4 and Cs 1Àx Ba 0.5x H 2 PO 4 .O nt he other hand, the calculated activation energies are highert han those of powders of Na[COSANE],L i-[COSANE],a nd H[COSANE],w hich have valueso f7 .8, 7.9, and 5.6 kJ mol À1 ,r espectively. [29] Aqueousasymmetric supercapacitor Figure 11 showst he chronopotentiograms at 50 and 250 mA g À1 for the differentc apacitors in ap otentialw indow of 1V .T he chronopotentiograms of all the capacitors show a quasi-triangular shape, which indicates the absence of faradic processes.T he capacitance of PEDOT:Cs[COSANE] at low current density is highert han those of the other capacitors ( Figure 12). However,a st he current density increases, an important ohmic drop and ad ecrease in capacitance are observedf or this capacitor.I nterestingly,t he PEDOT:Li[COSANE] capacitor shows the highest retention of capacitance from these measurements, the capacitance being very stable to changes in the current density (Figure 12).…”

Metallacarboranes as Photoredox Catalysts in Water

“…as such, with its own definite characteristics, which have been outlined in the introduction. To do so, the first thing to do was to demonstrate that the reactionc ould be done under homogeneous conditions in water.T hus, Na[1] was prepared from water-insoluble Cs[1] by using ac ation-exchange resin [25] and its dichloro( Na[Cl 2 -1])a nd hexachloro (Na[Cl 6 -1])d erivatives were prepared similarly. [26] All three Na + salts are soluble in water,asr equired by the catalysis conditions.…”