Enhanced d33 value of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.90Zr0.10)O3 lead-free ceramics

Low sintering temperature and high piezoelectric properties of Li-doped (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O3 lead-free ceramics

“…However, the environmental concerns urgently require lead-free ceramics to substitute for the PZT with high content of toxic lead [1,2]. BaTiO 3 (BT) is one of the good candidates for lead-free ceramics due to its promising piezoelectric properties and solid solution with other perovskites, such as BT-KNbO 3 [3], BT-Bi(Mg 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 [4], BT-Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -Bi 0.5 K 0.5 TiO 3 [5], BT-Bi(Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 -BiFeO 3 [6], BT-Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -KNbO 3 [7], Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -(Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O 3 [8], (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)O 3 -(Ba,Ca)(Ti,Zr)O 3 [9], BT-CaTiO 3 -BaHfO 3 [10]. Among them, the BaTi 0.8 Zr 0.2 O 3 -(Ba 0.7 Ca 0.3 )TiO 3 (BCTZ) composition lead-free ceramics, which were reported by Liu and Ren [11], have been attracted great attention because of their high piezoelectricity arising from the polymorphic phase transition (PPT) at room temperature.…”

Enhancement of the temperature stabilities in yttrium doped (Ba0.99Ca0.01)(Ti0.98Zr0.02)O3 ceramics

“…Nevertheless, they are not environmental friendly for lead oxide toxicity. With the recent growing demand of global environmental protection, many researchers have greatly focused on lead-free ceramics to replace the lead-based ceramics [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

“…Recently, several notable lead-free piezoelectric ceramics that have been reported exhibit promising piezoelectric properties, especially the (K,Na)NbO 3 based pseudo-ternary ceramics and the BaTiO 3 based pseudo-binary ceramics [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In those lead-free ceramics, the enhanced piezoelectric properties are accompanied by the occurrence of a polymorphic phase transition (PPT) around room temperature [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], and they are thus considered to be closely associated with the coexistence of phases.…”

Ba(Cu0.5W0.5)O3-induced sinterability, electrical and mechanical properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10)O3 ceramics sintered at low temperature

“…1.2 wt.%), where both (2 2 0) and (2 0 2) diffraction peaks almost appear, confirming the involvement of a phase transition. Therefore, the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral phases occurs for the BCZT ceramics with x = 0.8 wt.% at room temperature, demonstrating that the ceramics lie at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) [22,23]. Because the peaks shift to higher angles, it is assumed that (Ti, Zr) 4+ is substituted by Cu 2+ and W 6+ , suggesting a change of the unit cell volume.…”