“…24,25,28 The peaks of b-ZnSm/biochar and 2b-ZnSm/Mg-biochar at 31.74 , 35.36 , 36.03 , 47.52 , 56.08 , and 63.22 were indexed as (100), ( 002), ( 101), ( 102), (110), and (103) facets of ZnO phase (JCPDS: 76-0704), 36 and the peaks at 23.03 , 28.38 , 32.75 , 34.81 , 47.31 , 48.62 , and 55.79 were assigned to (220), ( 222), (400), ( 411), (433), and (622) facets of Sm 2 O 3 phases (JCPDS: 65-3183). 46 N 2 adsorption-desorption curves of biochar-based composites (Figure 3d) were type IV with H4 hysteresis loops, meaning the formation of porous structure. 37 BETspecific surface areas of 2-Mg/biochar, b-ZnSm/biochar, and biochar were 427.54, 316.08, and 410.67 m 2 g À1 , respectively (Table 1).…”