Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Stable SPES/SPANI Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Enriched Ionic Nanochannels

Gahlot, Swati; Gupta, Hariom; Jha, Prafulla K.; Kulshrestha, Vaibhav

doi:10.1021/acsomega.7b00687

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The number of water molecules absorbed per unit volume of -SO 3 H groups is dened as hydration number (l). 36,40,49 This was calculated using the eqn (10):…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2018

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Iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles anchored over sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) and Nafion/Fe 3 O 4 -SGO composites were fabricated and applied as potential proton exchange membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operated at high temperature and low humidity. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles bridge SGO and Nafion through electrostatic interaction/hydrogen bonding and increased the intrinsic thermal and mechanical stabilities of Nafion/Fe 3 O 4 -SGO composite membranes. Nafion/Fe 3 O 4 -SGO composite membranes increased the compactness of ionic domains and enhanced the water absorption and proton conductivity while restricting hydrogen permeability across the membranes. The proton conductivity of Nafion/Fe 3 O 4 -SGO (3 wt%) composite membrane at 120 C under 20% relative humidity (RH) was 11.62 mS cm À1, which is 4.74 fold higher than that of a pristine recast Nafion membrane. PEMFC containing the Nafion/Fe 3 O 4 -SGO composite membrane delivered a peak power density of 258.82 mW cm À2 at a load current density of 640.73 mA cm À2 while operating at 120 C under 25% RH and ambient pressure. In contrast, under identical operating conditions, a peak power density of only 144.89 mW cm À2 was achieved with the pristine recast Nafion membrane at a load current density of 431.36 mA cm À2. Thus, Nafion/Fe 3 O 4 -SGO composite membranes can be used to address various critical problems associated with commercial Nafion membranes in PEMFC applications.

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“…The number of water molecules absorbed per unit volume of -SO 3 H groups is dened as hydration number (l). 36,40,49 This was calculated using the eqn (10):…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2018

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“…The conductivity of XYX and XY membranes is also better compared to X membrane, which is due to the ordered and extended conducting channels caused by block structure. Activation energies (E a ) of the ion conductivity values were calculated from Arrhenius plots using the Arrhenius formula [32,33,34,35,36]. lnσ=lnσ0−EaRT where σ and σ0 are proton conductivity and pre-exponential factor, respectively (in mS/cm), E a is the activation energy (in kJ/mol), R is the gas constant (in J/molK), and T is the absolute temperature (in K).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviating the Mechanical and Thermal Degradations of Highly Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Blocks via Copolymerization with Hydrophobic Unit for Intermediate Humidity Fuel Cells

et al. 2018

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In this contribution, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is inter-connected using a hydrophobic oligomer via poly-condensation reaction to produce SPEEK analogues as PEMs. Prior sulfonation is performed for SPEEK to avoid random sulfonation of multi-block copolymers that may destroy the mechanical toughness of polymer backbone. A greater local density of ionic moieties exist in SPEEK and good thermomechanical properties of hydrophobic unit offer an unique approach to promote the proton conductivity as well as thermomechanical stability of membrane, as verify from AC impedance and TGA. The morphological behavior and phase variation of membranes are explored using FE-SEM and AFM; the triblock (XYX) membranes exhibits a nano-phase separated morphology. Performance of PEFC integrated with blend and block copolymer membranes is determined at 60 °C under 60% RH. As a result, the triblock (XYX) membrane has a high power density than blend (2X1Y) membrane.

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“…The enhancement in IC was also recorded for all the three membranes by enhancing the temperature from 30 to 80 °C. The enhancement in IC with temperature may be due to the higher mobility of ions and proton and higher proton diffusion coefficient at higher temperatures. , The activation energy for the conduction of proton/ions reveals the minimum energy required for the proton/ion transport from a functional group to another and is, therefore, an important parameter of IEM. Temperature-dependent IC is used to determine the activation energy for proton/ion conduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Interpenetrating Network-Type Cross-Linked Amphoteric Ion-Exchange Membrane Based on Styrene Sulfonate and Vinyl Benzyl Chloride for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

et al. 2018

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Clean energy is the main requirement for human life. Redox flow battery may be an alternative to fossil fuels. An ion-exchange membrane is the heart of the redox flow battery. In the present study, we synthesize semi-interpenetrating cross-linked copolymer amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEMs) with a partially rigid backbone. The styrene sulfonate and vinyl benzyl chloride monomers are used as the cationic and anionic moieties into the AIEMs. Three different types of quaternizing agents are used to convert a primary amine into a quaternary amine group. Here, we avoid the use of the carcinogenic chemical CMME, commonly used for the synthesis of anion-exchange membranes. The prepared membranes exhibit good electrochemical and physicochemical properties with a high acidic stability. The membranes also show moderate water uptake and dimensional change. The ZWMO membrane shows better properties among the AIEMs, with an ionic conductivity of 3.12 × 10 –2 S cm –1 and 5.49 water molecules per functional group. The anion and cation-exchange capacities of the ZWMO membranes are calculated to be 1.11 and 0.62 mequiv/g. All AIEMs show good thermal and mechanical stabilities, calculated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and universal testing machine analysis. The membranes show low vanadium ion permeability than the commercial membrane Nafion for their use in vanadium redox flow batteries. Further, the AIEMs are applied in redox flow batteries as separators and deliver good results with the charging and discharging phenomena, with 87% voltage efficiency and 91% current efficiency.

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Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Stable SPES/SPANI Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Enriched Ionic Nanochannels

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high temperature and low humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Alleviating the Mechanical and Thermal Degradations of Highly Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Blocks via Copolymerization with Hydrophobic Unit for Intermediate Humidity Fuel Cells

Semi-Interpenetrating Network-Type Cross-Linked Amphoteric Ion-Exchange Membrane Based on Styrene Sulfonate and Vinyl Benzyl Chloride for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

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