Enhanced electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection of hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) after oxidation to tetramethylene diperoxide diamine dialdehyde (TMDDD)

Krawczyk, Tomasz

doi:10.1002/rcm.7385

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, careful analysis can be used to begin standardizing training aid manufacturing to improve odor production consistency. In this third goal, the instrument was used to help develop an HMTD training aid, which is challenging because HMTD has a low vapor pressure and is susceptible to thermal degradation. − The developed mass spectrometer has good intensity linearity for HMTD ( R 2 = 0.996), low analysis temperature compared to GC instruments commonly used for quality control, and does not time-average, generating time dynamics data that better mimic canine perception of the aid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple explosive materials are often used during training, producing a situation where cross-contamination has an opportunity to occur. Training materials may also be mixtures that contain energetics with variable vapor pressure and susceptibility to degradation. − Measuring the canine’s odor environment is therefore an important part of evaluating canine performance and optimizing training. For canine scent detection to achieve its optimal analytical merits, it will require adapting not only the best practices in animal training but also sensor development …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important for training aids to properly mimic the odor of pure explosives over long periods of time. HMTD training aid production is challenging because HMTD degrades easily. − The labile nature has even made studying HMTD properties difficult. However, Steinkamp et al have investigated how storage conditions and sample cleanup can affect HMTD degradation, and Aernecke et al estimated the vapor pressure of HMTD using surrogate materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of Mass Spectrometric Vapor Analysis To Improve Canine Explosive Detection Efficiency

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Canines remain the gold standard for explosives detection in many situations, and there is an ongoing desire for them to perform at the highest level. This goal requires canine training to be approached similarly to scientific sensor design. Developing a canine training regimen is made challenging by a lack of understanding of the canine's odor environment, which is dynamic and typically contains multiple odorants. Existing methodology assumes that the handler's intention is an adequate surrogate for actual knowledge of the odors cuing the canine, but canines are easily exposed to unintentional explosive odors through training material cross-contamination. A sensitive, real-time (∼1 s) vapor analysis mass spectrometer was developed to provide tools, techniques, and knowledge to better understand, train, and utilize canines. The instrument has a detection library of nine explosives and explosive-related materials consisting of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerin (NG), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), and cyclohexanone, with detection limits in the parts-per-trillion to parts-per-quadrillion range by volume. The instrument can illustrate aspects of vapor plume dynamics, such as detecting plume filaments at a distance. The instrument was deployed to support canine training in the field, detecting cross-contamination among training materials, and developing an evaluation method based on the odor environment. Support for training material production and handling was provided by studying the dynamic headspace of a nonexplosive HMTD training aid that is in development. These results supported existing canine training and identified certain areas that may be improved.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of Mass Spectrometric Vapor Analysis To Improve Canine Explosive Detection Efficiency

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…47 Subsequent research using MS/ MS of [TMDDD + NH 4 ] + identified a product ion at m/z 207 which further fragments to give the characteristic TMDDD ion at m/z 179. 45 Further support for the identity of m/z 207 being [TMDDD + H] + has been demonstrated by Oxley et al and Dunn et al, who also used LC-MS/MS and accurate mass to provide evidence of this ions true identity. 48,49 From the results obtained in this study, it is not clear whether the TMDDD is already present in the solution of HMTD or if it is forming within the ion source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In addition, HMTD readily undergoes oxidation in air to its dialdehyde form known as tetramethylene diperoxide diamine dialdehyde (TMDDD). 45 This scenario was observed when using the ESI source with ions + and [TMDDD + Na] + respectively). Sodium adducts are likely forming due to contamination from glassware, as it was not added to the spray solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectivity of Explosives Analysis with Ambient Ionization Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Trace Detection

Mathias,

Amerio-Cox,

Jackson

et al. 2023

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ambient ionization (AI) is a rapidly growing field in mass spectrometry (MS). It allows for the direct analysis of samples without any sample preparation, making it a promising technique for the detection of explosives. Previous studies have shown that AI can be used to detect a variety of explosives, but the exact gas-phase reactions that occur during ionization are not fully understood. This is further complicated by differences in mass spectrometers and individual experimental set ups between researchers. This study investigated the gas-phase ion reactions of five different explosives using a variety of AI techniques coupled to a Waters QDa mass spectrometer to identify selective ions for explosive detection and identification based on the applied ambient ionization technique. The results showed that the choice of the ion source can have a significant impact on the number of ions observed. This can affect the sensitivity and selectivity of the data produced. The findings of this study provide new insights into the gas-phase ion reactions of explosives and could lead to the development of more sensitive and selective AI-based methods for their detection.

show abstract

Paper spray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry (PSI-HRMS) of peroxide explosives in biological matrices

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enhanced electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection of hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) after oxidation to tetramethylene diperoxide diamine dialdehyde (TMDDD)

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Use of Mass Spectrometric Vapor Analysis To Improve Canine Explosive Detection Efficiency

Use of Mass Spectrometric Vapor Analysis To Improve Canine Explosive Detection Efficiency

Selectivity of Explosives Analysis with Ambient Ionization Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Trace Detection

Paper spray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry (PSI-HRMS) of peroxide explosives in biological matrices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About