Enhanced ethyl levulinate production from citrus peels through an in-situ hydrothermal reaction

Yang, Jung‐Seok; Park, Jeongseok; Son, Jeesung; Kim, Bora; Lee, Jae Woo

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2018.05.002

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…9 Literature review of experimental yields of ethyl levulinate categorized by temperature from various real biomasses. [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] The feedstock loading (mass%), catalyst loading (mass%), and reaction times are displayed at the bottom of each column. All reactions are a one-pot process and use sulphuric acid as the catalyst unless otherwise stated.…”

Section: Comparison With Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate

McNamara,

O’Shea,

Rao

et al. 2024

Energy Adv.

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Section: Comparison With Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate

McNamara,

O’Shea,

Rao

et al. 2024

Energy Adv.

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“…Starting from the results of ML synthesis, Kim et al [154] alsostudied that of EL from Chlorella and Nannochloropsis microalgal strains, achieving the EL yield of 11 and 3 wt%, respectively, with this difference of reactivity being ascribed to the higher carbohydrate content in the Chlorella strain (runs EL_124-EL_125, Table 16). Yang et al [160] proposed the conversion of mandarin peels, employing chloroform as co-solvent for increasing the EL yield (from 4 to 28 wt%, under the optimized reaction conditions) (run EL_126, Table 16). This improvement was ascribed to the higher solubilization of EL in chloroform, rather than in the (water-EtOH) system, where chloroform enables as a continuous extraction medium for EL, at the same time limiting the humin formation.…”

Section: El Synthesis From Real Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Alcoholysis of Carbohydrate Precursors and Real Cellulosic Biomasses to Alkyl Levulinates: A Critical Review

Galletti¹,

Antonetti²,

Fulignati³

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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Alkyl levulinates (ALs) represent outstanding bio-fuels and strategic bio-products within the context of the marketing of levulinic acid derivatives. However, their synthesis by acid-catalyzed esterification of pure levulinic acid, or by acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol, although relatively simple, is still economically disadvantageous, due to the high costs of the pure precursors. The direct one-pot alcoholysis of model C6 carbohydrates and raw biomass represents an alternative approach for the one-step synthesis of ALs. In order to promote the market for these bio-products and, concurrently, the immediate development of new applications, it is necessary to speed up the intensification of their production processes, and this important achievement is onlypossible by using low-cost or, even better, waste biomasses, as starting feedstocks. This review provides an overview of the most recent and promising advances on the one-pot production of ALs from model C6 carbohydrates and real biomasses, in the presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous acid catalysts. The use of model C6 carbohydrates allows for the identification of the best obtainable ALs yields, resulting in being strategic for the development of new smart catalysts, whose chemical properties must be properly tuned, taking into account the involved reaction mechanism. On the other hand, the transition to the real biomass now represents a necessary choice for allowing the next ALs production on a larger scale. The improvement of the available synthetic strategies, the use of raw materials and the development of new applications for ALs will contribute to develop more intensified, greener, and sustainable processes.

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Production of levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate from cellulosic pulp derived from the cooking of lignocellulosic biomass with active oxygen and solid alkali

Gong

Wei

Tang

et al. 2019

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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Enhanced ethyl levulinate production from citrus peels through an in-situ hydrothermal reaction

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate

Steady states and kinetic modelling of the acid-catalysed ethanolysis of glucose, cellulose, and corn cob to ethyl levulinate

Direct Alcoholysis of Carbohydrate Precursors and Real Cellulosic Biomasses to Alkyl Levulinates: A Critical Review

Production of levulinic acid and ethyl levulinate from cellulosic pulp derived from the cooking of lignocellulosic biomass with active oxygen and solid alkali

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