Enhanced expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc, a prognostic factor and possible mechanism for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

A direct association has been shown between Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions and the proliferation of human thyroid tumor cells. Our previous study showed that increased β catenin led to a reduction in disease-free probability in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. This study was designed to investigate Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes as targets for β catenin function in PTC and to determine the association between genes expression and staging, recurrence, metastasis, and disease-free survival of PTC. This study was conducted via a thorough investigation of available data from medical records as well as paraffin blocks of 77 out of 400 patients over a 10-year period. Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate disease-free survival. Higher levels of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expressions were observed in patients with recurrence by 8.5 (P = 0.004) and 19.5 (p = 0.0001) folds, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between Cyclin D1 expression and the cumulative dose of radioactive iodine received by patients (r = −0.2, p value = 0.03). The ten-year survival rate in the patients included in this study was 98.25% while disease-free survival was 48.1%. Higher Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression levels were observed in patients with recurrence/distant metastasis. Inversely, lower expression of Cyclin D1 and C-myc genes were associated with better survival of patients (SD, 0.142-0.052) (Mantel-Cox test, P = 0.002). The enhancement of Cyclin D1 and C-myc gene expression may be a potential mechanism for recurrence and aggressiveness of PTC.

Reposition of the anti-inflammatory drug diacerein in an in-vivo colorectal cancer model

“…, the IL-6/K-Ras/NICD/NF-κB p65 and IL-6/Akt/GSK3-β/β-catenin signaling pathways. This concept can be confirmed by the ability of β-catenin to enhance the transcription of its target genes; viz., VEGF, c-Myc and cyclin D1( Agarwal et al, 2005 , Sanjari et al, 2020 ); molecules that are also the target of their upstream regulator NF-κB, as discussed above.…”

ETS like-1 protein ELK1-induced lncRNA LINC01638 accelerates the progression of papillary thyroid cancer by regulating Axin2 through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

“…Of note, Cyclin D1 is an important regulator of cell cycle progression during G1 phase, an event essential in G1-S transition, exerting multiple functions in cell biology, including cell proliferation, growth regulation and migration control [ 37 ]. In addition, high cyclin D1 expression level was also observed in patients with recurrence/distant metastasis with PTC, suggesting an involvement of cyclin D1 in PTC and a potential oncogenic activity of cyclin D1 [ 38 ]. These results clarified that ELK1-induced high level of LINC01638 boosted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cells partly through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated cell cycle progression.…”

Tumor Mutation Burden Predicts Relapse in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Changes in Genes and Immune Microenvironment

“…The aggressive clinical pathological, age ≥55, male, tumor size >4 cm, tall cell variant, and positive lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors, and there may continue to be the risk of cancer death and early recurrence (4)(5)(6)(7). Besides, many biomarkers for predicting the recurrence of PTC are reported, such as SMOC2 (8), Cyclin D1 and C-myc (9), serum fibrinogen levels (10), and BRAF V600E mutation (11). However, most biomarkers have limitations or insufficient clinical applicability (12).…”