Enhanced Expression of Cystathionine β-Synthase and Cystathionine γ-Lyase During Acute Cholecystitis-Induced Gallbladder Inflammation

Abstract

BackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been shown to play an important role in the digestive system, but the role of endogenous H2S produced locally in the gallbladder is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gallbladder possesses the enzymatic machinery to synthesize H2S, and whether H2S synthesis is changed in gallbladder inflammation during acute acalculous cholecystitis (AC).MethodsAdult male guinea pigs underwent either a sham operation or common bile duct ligation (CBDL). One, two, or three days after CBDL, the animals were sacrificed separately. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of gallbladder samples were scored for inflammation. H2S production rate in gallbladder tissue from each group was determined; immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine expression levels of the H2S-producing enzymes cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in gallbladder.ResultsThere was a progressive inflammatory response after CBDL. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that CBS and CSE were expressed in the gallbladder epithelium, muscular layer, and blood vessels and that the expression increased progressively with increasing inflammation following CBDL. The expression of CBS protein as well as the H2S-production rate was significantly increased in the animals that underwent CBDL, compared to those that underwent the sham operation.ConclusionsBoth CBS and CSE are expressed in gallbladder tissues. The expression of these enzymes, as well as H2S synthesis, was up-regulated in the context of inflammation during AC.

Role of cystathionine β-synthase in human breast Cancer

“…It is possible that CBS localizes to the plasma membrane during macrophagic attack to release H 2 S at the site of accumulation of oxidants released by macrophages. Our findings are supported by other studies that reported the localization of CBS in the plasma membrane of tissues from the gall bladder [35]. We, however, did not investigate the relative proportions of CBS distribution between the cytosol and the plasma membrane nor did we assess its localization in the mitochondrial fractions as is reported in colon cancer cells [32].…”

The Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Acute Cholecystitis in Guinea Pig Gallbladder

“…The animals in the study groups were subjected to BDL. The animals in the BDL 24 h group and the BDL 48 h group were subjected to laparotomy and cholecystectomy at 24 and 48 h after surgery, respectively [12][13][14][15].…”

Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: the gasotransmitter paradigm of the vascular system

“…Cystathionine β synthase (CBS) is the best characterized H 2 S generating enzyme and this protein is considered to be the main source of H 2 S in the CNS (Abe and Kimura, 1996;Eto and Kimura, 2002;Miles and Kraus, 2004). However, it is also highly expressed in peripheral tissues, including the vasculature (Hosoki et al, 1997;Fiorucci et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2013;Vellecco et al, 2016b;Szabo et al, 2013;Bucci et al, 2014). Another enzyme, cystathionine γ lyase (CSE or CGL or CTH), is the main H 2 S generating enzyme in the vascular system and is found in both endothelium and smooth muscle cells.…”