“…Synthesis of t -R and its non-glycosylated derivatives in grapevine tissues can be induced by biotic and abiotic (physical and chemical) elicitors (reviewed in Bavaresco and Fregoni, 2001 ; Bavaresco et al, 2009 ). In grapevine cell cultures, elicitor-induced t -R biosynthesis leads to the extracellular accumulation of this compound ( Liswidowati et al, 1991 ; Calderon et al, 1993 ; Krisa et al, 1999 ; Tassoni et al, 2005 ; Belhadj et al, 2008 ; Ferri et al, 2009 ; Yue et al, 2011 ), and is particularly abundant when cells are elicited with methylated cyclodextrins (MBCD), either alone ( Morales et al, 1998 ; Bru et al, 2006 ; Zamboni et al, 2006 ) or combined with the phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) ( Lijavetzky et al, 2008 ; Martínez-Esteso et al, 2009 , 2011b ; Belchí-Navarro et al, 2012 , 2013 ; Almagro et al, 2014 ), or its structural analog coronatine ( Almagro et al, 2015 ). Currently, there is no experimental evidence for the pathways that transport t -R to the extracellular medium in grapevine cells or any other plant system.…”