Enhanced fish production during a period of extreme global warmth

Britten, Gregory L.; Sibert, Elizabeth C

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19462-w

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These modifications in biomass of primary producers fuelled bottom-up energetic pathways through the food web and triggered a slight (about 1%) increase in biomass of higher trophic levels by medium-small pelagic fish groups. Similar projections have recently been obtained with the application of an end-to-end model in the Mediterranean as whole (Moullec et al, 2019) and have been suggested by other authors (Marquis et al, 2011) also in relation to past extreme global warming phases (Britten and Sibert, 2020). Keeping the fishing effort constant, the effect of climate change alone on landings and income per unit of effort was small but positive for all the fleets considered.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Interactive effects of fishing effort reduction and climate change in a central Mediterranean fishing area: Insights from bio-economic indices derived from a dynamic food-web model

et al. 2022

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Disentangling the effects of mixed fisheries and climate change across entire food-webs requires a description of ecosystems using tools that can quantify interactive effects as well as bio-economic aspects. A calibrated dynamic model for the Sicily Channel food web, made up of 72 functional groups and including 13 fleet segments, was developed. A temporal simulation until 2050 was conducted to evaluate the bio-economic interactive effects of the reduction of bottom trawling fishing effort by exploring different scenarios that combine fishery and climate change. Our results indicate that direct and indirect effects produce a net increase in biomass of many functional groups with immediate decline of trawlers’ catches and economic incomes, followed by a long term increase mainly due to biomass rebuilding of commercial species which lasts 5-10 years after fishing reduction. Synergistic and antagonistic effects caused by changes in the fishing effort and in climate characterize a specific functional group’s response in biomass which, in turn, modulate also the catch and income of the other fleets, and especially of those sharing target resources. However, trawler’s intra-fleet competition is higher than the others fleet effects. In the medium term, the effects of fishing effort reduction are higher than those of climate change and seem to make exploitation of marine resources more sustainable over time and fishery processes more efficient by improving ecosystem health.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Interactive effects of fishing effort reduction and climate change in a central Mediterranean fishing area: Insights from bio-economic indices derived from a dynamic food-web model

et al. 2022

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“…This was associated with the colonization of different environments and the refilling of vacated functional roles (54-57) and included short-lived "evolutionary experiments" found alongside familiar living lineages (58,59). As with the mid-Cretaceous, the early Paleocene represented a "hothouse" period in Earth's climate history, with evidence that higher temperatures might have led to increased fish production in some marine settings (60). Collectively, these observations suggest a role for environmental change and ecosystem reorganization in facilitating the diversification of teleosts, either in addition to or instead of the effects from WGD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication

Davesne

Friedman

Schmitt

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Teleost fishes comprise one-half of all vertebrate species and possess a duplicated genome. This whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurred on the teleost stem lineage in an ancient common ancestor of all living teleosts and is hypothesized as a trigger of their exceptional evolutionary radiation. Genomic and phylogenetic data indicate that WGD occurred in the Mesozoic after the divergence of teleosts from their closest living relatives but before the origin of the extant teleost groups. However, these approaches cannot pinpoint WGD among the many extinct groups that populate this 50- to 100-million-y lineage, preventing tests of the evolutionary effects of WGD. We infer patterns of genome size evolution in fossil stem-group teleosts using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography to measure the bone cell volumes, which correlate with genome size in living species. Our findings indicate that WGD occurred very early on the teleost stem lineage and that all extinct stem-group teleosts known so far possessed duplicated genomes. WGD therefore predates both the origin of proposed key innovations of the teleost skeleton and the onset of substantial morphological diversification in the clade. Moreover, the early occurrence of WGD allowed considerable time for postduplication reorganization prior to the origin of the teleost crown group. This suggests at most an indirect link between WGD and evolutionary success, with broad implications for the relationship between genomic architecture and large-scale evolutionary patterns in the vertebrate Tree of Life.

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“…2a) based on the traditional ichthyolith description system (Doyle and Riedel, 1979). Given that variation in tooth length can be used as an indicator of variation in the body sizes of pelagic fish (Britten and Sibert, 2020), we attempted to predict the lengths of teeth automatically, by approximating the detected contours of each tooth within a rectangle and measuring the length of the longest side (Fig. 2b).…”

Section: 3 Measurement Of Ichthyolith Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, ichthyoliths are regarded as indicators of depositional environments recently. The productivity of pelagic fish has been measured based on the accumulation rate of ichthyoliths (Sibert et al, 2014(Sibert et al, , 2016(Sibert et al, , 2020Sibert and Rubin, 2021), the evolution of pelagic ecosystems has been explored based on variations in morphotypes (Sibert et al, 2018;Sibert and Rubin, 2021), and the distribution of pelagic fish has been studied based on variation in the length of fish teeth (Britten and Sibert, 2020). Hence, establishing an effective method for ichthyolith observation will enable understanding of the records on the evolution of pelagic realms which has long been a black box in Earth science.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Automated detection of microfossil fish teeth from slide images using combined deep learning models

Mimura¹,

Minabe²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Microfossil fish teeth, known as ichthyoliths, provide a key constraint on the depositional age and environment of deep-sea sediments, especially pelagic clays where siliceous and calcareous microfossils are rarely observed. However, traditional methods for the observation of ichthyoliths require considerable time and manual labor, which can hinder their wider application. In this study, we constructed a system to automatically detect ichthyoliths in microscopic images by combining two open source deep learning models. First, the regions for ichthyoliths within the microscopic images are predicted by the instance segmentation model Mask R-CNN. All the detected regions are then re-classified using the image classification model EfficientNet-V2 to determine the classes more accurately. Compared with only using the Mask R-CNN model, the combined system offers significantly higher performance (89.0% precision, 78.6% recall, and an F1 score of 83.5%), demonstrating the utility of the system. Our system can also predict the lengths of the teeth that have been detected, with more than 90% of the predicted lengths being within ± 20% of measured length. This system provides a novel, automated, and reliable approach for the detection and length measurement of ichthyoliths from microscope images that can be applied in a range of paleoceanographic and paleoecological contexts.

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Enhanced fish production during a period of extreme global warmth

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Interactive effects of fishing effort reduction and climate change in a central Mediterranean fishing area: Insights from bio-economic indices derived from a dynamic food-web model

Interactive effects of fishing effort reduction and climate change in a central Mediterranean fishing area: Insights from bio-economic indices derived from a dynamic food-web model

Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication

Automated detection of microfossil fish teeth from slide images using combined deep learning models

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