Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue

Rizal, Samsul; Alfatah, Tata; Khalil, H. P. S. Abdul; Yahya, Esam Bashir; Abdullah, C. K.; Mistar, Eka Marya; Ikramullah, Ikramullah; Kurniawan, Rudi; Bairwan, Rahul

doi:10.3390/polym14235126

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This is because edible films can improve food quality, freshness, and shelf-life. The edible films form a semipermeable barrier over the packaged food product, which improves its barrier properties by reducing moisture, lipid, gas, and volatile exchange [ 2 , 3 ]. Biopolymers have been studied for their film-forming capabilities in order to create edible films for food packaging [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

et al. 2023

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Plastic pollution has raised interest in biodegradable and sustainable plastic alternatives. For edible food packaging, seaweed biopolymers have been studied for their film-forming properties. In this study, packaging films were developed using the solvent casting technique from natural red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) and coffee waste product. The physico-chemical and thermal properties of seaweed/coffee biopolymer films was obtained using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transmission irradiation (FT-IR), water contact angle measurement (WCA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The characterization study was carried out to improve the film’s morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties. The average particle size of coffee waste was found to be between 1.106 and 1.281 µm, with a zeta potential value of −27.0 mV indicating the compound’s strong negative charge. The SEM analysis revealed that the coffee filler was evenly dispersed in the polymer matrix, improving the film’s structural properties. The FT-IR result shows that coffee waste was successfully incorporated over the film matrix with the presence of a N-H bond. The hydrophobic property of the film was enhanced with the incorporation of coffee filler, indicating increased water contact angle compared to the neat film. The tensile properties of the biopolymer film were significantly improved at 4 wt% coffee powder with optimum tensile strength (35.47 MPa) with the addition of coffee waste powder. The incorporation of coffee waste into the seaweed matrix increased the functional properties of the fabricated biopolymer film. Thus, seaweed/coffee biopolymer film has the potential to be used in food packaging and other applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

et al. 2023

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“…In addition, the degradation of PBAT will lead to the rapid decline of the mechanical properties of plastic packaging products, thus greatly reducing the service life of packaging films. Due to the addition of TC, the hydrophobicity of the composite film is significantly improved, so the composite film prepared in this study can be used as a waterproof material for biodegradable plastics [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Properties of PBAT/CaCO3 Composite Films Modified with Titanate Coupling Agent

et al. 2023

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High cost, low crystallinity, and low-melt strength limit the market application of the biodegradable material poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which has become a major obstacle to the promotion of PBAT products. Herein, with PBAT as resin matrix and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as filler, PBAT/CaCO3 composite films were designed and prepared with a twin-screw extruder and single-screw extrusion blow-molding machine designed, and the effects of particle size (1250 mesh, 2000 mesh), particle content (0–36%) and titanate coupling agent (TC) surface modification of CaCO3 on the properties of PBAT/CaCO3 composite film were investigated. The results showed that the size and content of CaCO3 particles had a significant effect on the tensile properties of the composites. The addition of unmodified CaCO3 decreased the tensile properties of the composites by more than 30%. TC-modified CaCO3 improved the overall performance of PBAT/CaCO3 composite films. The thermal analysis showed that the addition of titanate coupling agent 201 (TC-2) increased the decomposition temperature of CaCO3 from 533.9 °C to 566.1 °C, thereby enhancing the thermal stability of the material. Due to the heterogeneous nucleation of CaCO3, the addition of modified CaCO3 raised the crystallization temperature of the film from 97.51 °C to 99.67 °C and increased the degree of crystallization from 7.09% to 14.83%. The tensile property test results showed that the film reached the maximum tensile strength of 20.55 MPa with the addition of TC-2 at 1%. The results of contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor transmission performance tests showed that TC-2 modified CaCO3 increased the water contact angle of the composite film from 85.7° to 94.6° and decreased the water absorption from 13% to 1%. When the additional amount of TC-2 was 1%, the water vapor transmission rate of the composites was reduced by 27.99%, and the water vapor permeability coefficient was reduced by 43.19%.

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“…Moreover, the addition of lignin has been proved to improve the thermal stability [37] and the tensile strength of other biopolymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) [38]. The addition of lignin nanoparticles to a bioplastic derived from Kappaphycus alvarezii has been found capable of enhancing surface roughness, water barrier, hydrophobicity, and antimicrobial properties of the polymer, making it a perfect candidate for fruit packaging [39]. Overall, the incorporation of lignin in plastic biopolymers provides better performances, making them perform well as mulching films.…”

Section: Lignin: Extraction Methods and Applications In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Agri-Food Waste as a Source of Biopolymers for Agriculture

Valle,

Voss,

Calcio Gaudino

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Nowadays, the world is facing a general problem of resource overconsumption and waste overproduction: to address these two issues, the United Nations delivered the 12th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), which has the objective of ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns. Currently, polymers are present in every aspect of our lives and have the disadvantage of mostly coming from fossil sources and causing pollution when disposed of the wrong way. Agriculture plays a key role in the overall world environmental issues, being responsible for the creation of between 13 and 21% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, it represents a continuously growing field, producing large amounts of waste. These residues can cause serious environmental concerns and high costs when disposed. However, agri-food waste (AFW) is a natural source of natural biopolymers, such as lignin, cellulose, pectin, and starch, but can also be used as a substrate to produce other non-toxic and biodegradable biopolymers, such as chitosan, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and polylactic acid (PLA) through microbial fermentation. These polymers find applications in agricultural practices such as mulching films, soil stabilizers, hydrogels, nanocarriers, and coating for seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The employment of AFW in the production of non-toxic, sustainable, and biodegradable biopolymers for their agricultural utilization is an example of a virtuous circular economy approach that could help agriculture to be more sustainable.

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Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

Coffee Waste Macro-Particle Enhancement in Biopolymer Materials for Edible Packaging

Research on Properties of PBAT/CaCO3 Composite Films Modified with Titanate Coupling Agent

Harnessing Agri-Food Waste as a Source of Biopolymers for Agriculture

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