Enhanced Fusion of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus with Cultured Cells by a Virus Enhancing Factor from an Entomopoxvirus

Hukuhara, Takehiko; Wijonarko, Arman

doi:10.1006/jipa.2000.4991

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…By contrast, Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) does not contain an enhancin gene (Ayres et al, 1994). Enhancin is a pathogenicity factor which is not essential for growth of virus in cell culture or infected animals but has been shown to facilitate GV and NPV infection and decrease larval survival time (Hukuhara and Wijonarko, 2001;Lepore et al, 1996;Li et al, 2003;Popham et al, 2001). The widely accepted mode of action for Enhancin is that it disrupts the protective peritrophic membrane (PM), allowing virion access to the underlying epithelial cells of the insect gut (Lepore et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Together, our data suggest that the bacterial Enhancins may have evolved an activity that is distinct from viral Enhancin consistent with a low homology, an apparent innate cytotoxicity and acquisition of signal peptide in some bacterial species. A few studies have implicated VEF directly in virus-cell binding by interacting with an unknown cellular receptor (Hukuhara and Wijonarko, 2001;Uchima et al, 1988). It is possible therefore that this function of the bacterial Enhancins predominates at the expense of IIM degradation, possibly to aid bacterial cell adherence to epithelial cells lining the insect midgut.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Comparison of the bacterial Enhancin-like proteins from Yersinia and Bacillus spp. with a baculovirus Enhancin

Galloway

Wang

Winstanley

et al. 2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of the bacterial Enhancin-like proteins from Yersinia and Bacillus spp. with a baculovirus Enhancin

Galloway

Wang

Winstanley

et al. 2005

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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“…It has also been found in several other GVs (13) and NPVs (19,27). Considered a pathogenicity factor, it is not essential for growth of viruses in cell culture or infected insects but has the function of facilitating GV and NPV infection and decreasing larval survival time (14,17,19,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensisBel Protein Enhances the Toxicity of Cry1Ac Protein toHelicoverpa armigeraLarvae by Degrading Insect Intestinal Mucin

Fang

Wang

Guo

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacillus thuringiensis has been used as a bioinsecticide to control agricultural insects. Bacillus cereus group genomes were found to have a Bacillus enhancin-like (bel) gene, encoding a peptide with 20 to 30% identity to viral enhancin protein, which can enhance viral infection by degradation of the peritrophic matrix (PM) of the insect midgut. In this study, the bel gene was found to have an activity similar to that of the viral enhancin gene. A bel knockout mutant was constructed by using a plasmid-free B. thuringiensis derivative, BMB171. The 50% lethal concentrations of this mutant plus the cry1Ac insecticidal protein gene were about 5.8-fold higher than those of the BMB171 strain. When purified Bel was mixed with the Cry1Ac protein and fed to Helicoverpa armigera larvae, 3 g/ml Cry1Ac alone induced 34.2% mortality. Meanwhile, the mortality rate rose to 74.4% when the same amount of Cry1Ac was mixed with 0.8 g/ml of Bel. Microscopic observation showed a significant disruption detected on the midgut PM of H. armigera larvae after they were fed Bel. In vitro degradation assays showed that Bel digested the intestinal mucin (IIM) of Trichoplusia ni and H. armigera larvae to various degrading products, similar to findings for viral enhancin. These results imply Bel toxicity enhancement depends on the destruction of midgut PM and IIM, similar to the case with viral enhancin. This discovery showed that Bel has the potential to enhance insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides and transgenic crops.

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“…By determining the fluorescence intensity level after the fusion of BBMVs and ODVR, we found that GP37 promoted the fusion of ODVs and BBMVs. A previous report showed that the fusion of Pseudaletia unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus and insect cells was enhanced by fusolin, a GP37 homologue [23], so it was credible that GP37 promoted the fusion of ODVs with insect midgut epithelia. However, this promotive effect was restricted to certain GP37 levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulovirus GP37 Facilitated ODVs Cross Insect Peritrophic Membranes and Fuse with Epithelia

Wei

Fan

et al. 2019

Toxins

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The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) GP37 has synergistic effects on the infectivity of nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs), however, the mechanism employed is unclear. In this study, in vitro and in vivo binding assays indicated that GP37 efficiently bound to the midgut peritrophic membrane (PM) of Spodoptera exigua larvae. Treatment with GP37 led to the damage of the PM’s compacted structure and the generation of the PM perforations, and the enhancement of the PM’s permeability. qPCR results further demonstrated that GP37 increased the ability of occlusion-derived virions (ODV) to cross the PM. R18-labeling experiments exhibited that GP37 also promoted the fusion of ODVs and insect midgut epithelia. Altogether, our present results revealed that the synergistic mechanism of GP37 to the infectivity of NPV might involve two parts. GP37 damaged the integrity of the PM after binding, which enhanced the PM’s permeability and increased the ability of ODVs to cross the PM, finally facilitating the ODVs reaching the midgut. In addition, GP37 promoted the fusion of ODVs and insect midgut epithelia. Our data expand the understanding of the mechanism used by baculovirus synergistic factors and provide a foundation for the development of high-efficiency baculoviral insecticides.

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Enhanced Fusion of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus with Cultured Cells by a Virus Enhancing Factor from an Entomopoxvirus

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Comparison of the bacterial Enhancin-like proteins from Yersinia and Bacillus spp. with a baculovirus Enhancin

Comparison of the bacterial Enhancin-like proteins from Yersinia and Bacillus spp. with a baculovirus Enhancin

Bacillus thuringiensisBel Protein Enhances the Toxicity of Cry1Ac Protein toHelicoverpa armigeraLarvae by Degrading Insect Intestinal Mucin

Granulovirus GP37 Facilitated ODVs Cross Insect Peritrophic Membranes and Fuse with Epithelia

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