Enhanced Germination and Emergence of Dormant Wild Mustard (<i>Sinapsis arvensis</i>) Seed by Two Substituted Phthalimides

Donald, William W.; Hoerauf, Roland A.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500083569

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The response of seeds to AC 94377 also depends on factors that modify the activity of the chemical. The results of the pot test with S. nigrum confirmed the findings of Donald and Hoerauf (1985), that soil type affects the activity of AC 94377. The test also demonstrated that the germination stimulating activity could persist for several weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The substituted phthalimides, a class of synthetic growth regulators (Los, Kust, Lamb & Diehl, 1980), have been shown to be as effective as the gibberellins in breaking dormancy and stimulating germination of celery seed (Thomas, 1984). In laboratory tests, the N-substituted phthalimide, 1 -(3-~hlorophthalimido)-cyclohexanecarboxamide (AC 94377) promoted the germination of six weed species (Metzger, 1983), and soil applications increased the germination of dormant Sinapis arvensis (Donald & Hoerauf, 1985). By acting as a synthetic gibberellin, AC 94377 could have an advantage over existing dormancy breaking chemicals if its activity was sufficiently wide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulation of weed seed germination by 1–(3‐chlorophthalirnido) cyclohexanecarboxamide (AC 94377)

Bond

Burch

1990

Annals of Applied Biology

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The N-substituted phthalimide, AC 94377, promoted the germination of drystored seeds of 17 out of 24 weed species in Petri-dish tests maintained at 22°C. In a further test it was able to substitute for light and/or alternating temperatures in promoting the germination of some species. AC 94377 was more active than GA, in stimulating Solanum nigrum seed to germinate. When mixed with soil in the laboratory, AC 94377 again promoted germination of S. nigrum but the level and persistence of activity differed between soils. In the glasshouse, with soil containing a natural weed seed population, more seedlings emerged from treated than from untreated soil but this number represented fewer than half of the apparently viable seeds present. Field applications of AC 94377 promoted the germination of hand-sown seeds of certain weed species but did not increase the number of seedlings emerging from the natural weed seed bank.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of weed seed germination by 1–(3‐chlorophthalirnido) cyclohexanecarboxamide (AC 94377)

Bond

Burch

1990

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…Application of two germination stimulants, substituted phthalimides AC-94377 and AC-99524, to the soil surface in greenhouse experiments enhanced germination and emergence of dormant wild mustard seed by up to 10 to 60%, depending upon soil type and seeding depth (Donald and Hoerauf 1985). Donald and Tanaka (1993) also found that annual application of AC94377 at 3.4 kg ha -1 in a field trial in North Dakota reduced seed survival of shallowly buried (1.25 cm deep) wild mustard by 80% after 3 yr. Zhang et al (1997) compared the dose response of eight weed species to two soil fumigants in the laboratory and field and found that methyl iodide was 50% more potent than methyl bromide for inhibiting germination of S. arvensis.…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Warwick¹,

Beckie²,

Thomas³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. An updated review of biological information is provided for Sinapis arvensis L. Native to the Old World, the species is widely introduced and naturalized in temperate regions around the world. The species occurs in all the provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon. It is an important weed of field crops in the Canadian prairies. A strongly persistent seedbank, competitive annual growth habit and high fecundity all contribute to its weedy nature and ensure that it will be a continuing problem. Several cases of herbicide resistance have been documented for natural populations of S. arvensis in Canada, including biotypes resistant to: i) Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), from Manitoba in 1992 and Alberta in 1993; ii) Group 4 herbicides or synthetic auxins from Manitoba in 1991; and iii) Group 5 herbicides, which inhibit photosynthesis at photosystem II, from Ontario in 1983. The species is a close relative of Brassica nigra (L.) Koch, black mustard, and is capable of limited genetic exchange with the Brassica crop species under laboratory hybridization conditions either by conventional crossing or with the aid of ovary/embryo recovery techniques.

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“…As S. arvensis is known for its persistent seedbank (Van Acker, ), the model accounts for this longevity through preservation of seeds in the lower soil layers. The depth structure also allowed us to distinguish different rates of emergence, based on depth of the weed seed (Donald & Hoerauf, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling population dynamics of Sinapis arvensis in organically grown spring wheat production systems

Kolb

Gallandt

2013

Weed Research

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Although we know that alterations in crop density, crop spatial pattern and inclusion of more selective weed control can improve weed suppression for organic growers, it is unknown whether these result in changes to the weed seedbank that increase cropping system profitability over time. Data collected from field trials conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Maine, USA, comparing regional grower practices (Standard) with management that aimed to (i) facilitate better physical weed control through the use of wide row spacing and inter-row cultivation (Wide) or (ii) enhance crop-weed competition through increased seeding rate and narrow inter-row spacing (Narrow HD), were used to construct a matrix population model with an economic sub-model. Using field measurements of grain yield and weed survival and fecundity, we investigated the lasting implications of employing alternative organic spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) production practices on Sinapis arvensis population dynamics. In most scenarios, the model indicated that regional production practices were not sufficient to prevent an increase in the weed seedbank, even with excellent weed control. The two alternative methods, on the other hand, were able to limit weed population growth when initial densities were low or cultivation efficacy was >80%. Due to higher seed costs in the Narrow HD system, net returns were still lower after 10 years of simulation in this system compared with wide rows with cultivation, despite a lower weed seedbank.

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Enhanced Germination and Emergence of Dormant Wild Mustard (Sinapsis arvensis) Seed by Two Substituted Phthalimides

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Stimulation of weed seed germination by 1–(3‐chlorophthalirnido) cyclohexanecarboxamide (AC 94377)

Stimulation of weed seed germination by 1–(3‐chlorophthalirnido) cyclohexanecarboxamide (AC 94377)

The biology of Canadian weeds. 8. Sinapis arvensis. L. (updated)

Modelling population dynamics of Sinapis arvensis in organically grown spring wheat production systems

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