Enhanced growth of large-scale nanostructures with metallic ion precipitation in helium plasmas

Abstract

Helium plasma irradiation on metal surfaces leads to the formation of metallic fuzzy nanostructures accompanied by the growth of helium bubbles in metals. The mechanism of the growth process, its impact for fusion devices, and potential application have been explored. Here we show enhanced growth of large-scale fuzz by precipitating additional metallic particles during helium plasma irradiation. The growth rate of the fuzzy structures became orders of magnitude greater than conventional fuzz growth; in an hour of irradiation, 1 mm-thick visible tungsten and molybdenum fuzzy fur structures covered a tungsten metal substrate. Additional precipitation of metallic ions breaks the bottleneck diffusion process; moreover, further acceleration in the growth rate could have occurred if the electric sheath shape was influenced by the grown structure and the electric field that formed around the structure started collecting ions.

One‐Step Plasma Synthesis of Nb2O5 Nanofibers and their Enhanced Photocatalytic activity

“…Also, no FN growth occurred on metals whose shear modulus is low (< 30-40 GPa) and the melting point is low (< 1500 K). [53] Thus, based on the necessary conditions revealed in this study, it is of interest to seek optimized conditions with additional Nb precipitation for practical application; Nb FN may also be grown much shorter time. At the moment, the shear modulus of Nb is likely the lowest among the metals where FN was formed by He plasma irradiation, suggesting that the melting point is also an important factor for the FN growth.…”

Plasma Facing Material by Self-Interstitial Solid Solution Strengthening – Problem, Proposition, and a Solution

“…Various morphologies are also observed such as nano tendrils [91,[113][114][115], nanochannels [83], large scale nanostructures [116], and structure in equiaxed nanocrystalline tungsten [117]. Role of impurities such as O is also observed and discussed [118].…”

A vegetation configuration pattern with a high-efficiency purification ability for TN, TP, AN, AP, and COD based on comprehensive assessment results

“…The accumulation of harmful substances from urban areas and overuse of fertilizer in agricultural are primary factors causing surface water quality degradation and water source pollution. Such degradation is not only a concern for agriculture and industry but also seriously affects the quality of life of residents 3,4 . Thus, identifying a vegetation configuration pattern with highly efficient purification ability for surface runoff water nutrients to prevent eutrophication and decrease risks for human health and aquatic ecosystems is imperative.…”