Enhanced Immune Function Decreases Odor Attraction of Male Laboratory Mice

Litvinova, Katherine; Kolosova, Irene; Mak, Viktoria; Мошкин, М. П.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0671-3_33

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, further analyses are needed to confirm protein identification, evaluate variation and consistency across all Mup loci, and over a longer time and across different conditions. MUP production is dynamically regulated with changes in age27, health2829, diet30, and social status3132, and we recently found that MUP proteins are differentially regulated when males are placed in competitive social conditions33. Thus, MUP expression profiles are phenotypically plastic, rather than constitutive (developmentally fixed), and studies are needed to investigate how variation and consistency in MUP expression influences individual odor , especially under more natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of major urinary proteins (MUPs) in wild house mice

Thoß

Enk

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Major urinary proteins (MUPs) are often suggested to be highly polymorphic, and thereby provide unique chemical signatures used for individual and genetic kin recognition; however, studies on MUP variability have been lacking. We surveyed populations of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus), and examined variation of MUP genes and proteins. We sequenced several Mup genes (9 to 11 loci) and unexpectedly found no inter-individual variation. We also found that microsatellite markers inside the MUP cluster show remarkably low levels of allelic diversity, and significantly lower than the diversity of markers flanking the cluster or other markers in the genome. We found low individual variation in the number and types of MUP proteins using a shotgun proteomic approach, even among mice with variable MUP electrophoretic profiles. We identified gel bands and spots using high-resolution mass spectrometry and discovered that gel-based methods do not separate MUP proteins, and therefore do not provide measures of MUP diversity, as generally assumed. The low diversity and high homology of Mup genes are likely maintained by purifying selection and gene conversion, and our results indicate that the type of selection on MUPs and their adaptive functions need to be re-evaluated.

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