“…Realizing water pollution control and the sustainable development of ecological environments depend on many critical catalytic processes. Specifically, peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) have been recognized as an efficient way of treating recalcitrant organic pollutants from wastewater by generating robust reactive oxygen species (ROS). – Compared with the homogeneous catalytic processes initiated by transition metal ions (Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cu 2+ ), heterogeneous Fenton catalytic processes have great advantages regarding catalyst recovery and catalytic stability. Especially, abundant carbon-supported transition metal–N–C catalysts (M–N–C: M = Fe, Co, Mn, and Cu) have gained considerable interest in PMS activation for generating numerous ROS [i.e., hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), sulfate radicals (SO 4 •– ), high-valent metal-oxo complexes, mediated electron transfer mechanisms, and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 )]. – Among them, 1 O 2 behaves as a versatile and universal oxidation species with a lifetime much longer than that of radicals in AOPs. , However, apparent drawbacks of traditional M–N–C catalysts such as the poor production of 1 O 2 , slow catalytic kinetics, and low metal utilization greatly restrict their application in actual wastewater treatment.…”