Enhanced Level of Anthocyanin Leads to Increased Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis PAP1-D Plants upon Sucrose Treatment

Seed pre-treatment with spermidine alleviates oxidative damages to different extent in the salt (NaCl)-stressed seedlings of three indica rice cultivars with contrasting level of salt tolerance

“…The anthocyanin accumulation that is known as a hallmark of plant stress response was stimulated in a uniform pattern in the three rice cultivars during NaCl stress, supporting the earlier observations in okra (Dkhil and Denden, 2012) and Arabidopsis (Oh et al, 2011). Genisel et al (2015) recently proposed that Cys alleviates salt-induced growth inhibition and suppresses oxidative damages in germinating barley seeds by modulating cellular redox status due to its own antioxidant property and intrinsic ROS scavenging activity.…”

Overexpression of snapdragon Delila (Del) gene in tobacco enhances anthocyanin accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance

“…According to the studies to date, when plants are exposed to environmental stress conditions, anthocyanin serves as an antioxidant enzyme and increases ROS scavenging activity to prevent plant damage [21, 26]. Oh et al [27] suggested that enhanced anthocyanin content significantly increases Arabidopsis survival under salt stress. Similarly, anthocyanin increase confers heightened ROS scavenging activity in Melissa officinalis leaves [28].…”

Are betalain pigments the functional homologues of anthocyanins in plants?

“…In Arabidopsis, for example, a moderate drought stress leads to substantial increases in anthocyanin levels (Giraud et al, 2008;Sperdouli and Moustakas, 2012) and the overexpression of anthocyanins, as in the pap1-D (production of anthocyanin pigment 1-dominant) mutant, correlates with improved drought resistance (Nakabayashi et al, 2014). Similarly, pap1-D plants survived for longer, and retained more chlorophyll, on an NaCl-enriched medium than did wild type Arabidopsis (Oh et al, 2011). To explain the apparent contribution of anthocyanins, Chalker-Scott (1999, 2002 suggested that these pigments might function as compatible solutes, depressing a leaf's osmotic potential, and thereby maintaining cell turgor during drought stress.…”

“…Both are also potent antioxidants, capable of scavenging a variety of reactive species (Hatier and Gould, 2009;Neill et al, 2002;Stintzing and Carle, 2004;Wang and Liu, 2007), and both have a relatively high osmotic potential, giving them the capacity to serve possible osmoregulatory roles (Chalker-Scott, 2002,1999Stintzing and Carle, 2004). Although they are produced by very different biosynthetic pathways, the two pigment types are inducible by similar environmental cues, including light (Hatier and Gould, 2009;Hughes and Smith, 2007;Kishima et al, 1995;Vogt et al, 1999), UV radiation (Ibdah et al, 2002;Tsurunaga et al, 2013;Vogt et al, 1999;Wang et al, 2012), sucrose accumulation (Hughes et al, 2005;Oh et al, 2011;Solfanelli et al, 2006), and a host of abiotic stressors such as drought, low temperatures and salinity (Chaves et al, 2009;Duarte et al, 2013;Hayakawa and Agarie, 2010;Hughes, 2011;Nakashima et al, 2011;Pietrini et al, 2002;Sperdouli and Moustakas, 2012;Tahkokorpi et al, 2007;Wang and Liu, 2007). There are, therefore, compelling reasons to postulate that the two classes of pigments share common functional roles.…”