Enhanced magnetic and dielectric properties of Gd doped BiFeO3: Er nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel technique

Gd3+-substituted BiFeO3 perovskite nanoparticles: facile synthesis, characterization, and applications in heterogeneous catalysis

“…The bands at 552 cm −1 and 450 cm −1 confirm the disappearance of organic and nitrate peaks, which is indicative of the stretching and bending vibrations of the octahedral (FeO 6 ) group in the perovskite structure. 54…”

“…In the bulk BFO perovskite, the magnetic behaviour is highly intricate; the anti-ferromagnetic interaction in Fe-O-Fe causes mild ferromagnetic activity, leading to canted Fe sublattices due to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. 54,60,61 The development and enhancement of spontaneous magnetization are: (i) substituting Gd 3+ for Bi 3+ increases lattice distortion, suppressing spiral spin modulation; (ii) Gd doping increases saturation magnetization by suppressing O 2 vacancies and adding Fe 3+ ions; and (iii) Gd 3+ -Fe 3+ coupling in Gd-doped BFO improves magnetic properties. 54 The magnetization characteristics such as M s , M r , and H c increased when the Gd-doping concentration at the Bi site of pure BFO perovskite materials increased.…”

“…54,60,61 The development and enhancement of spontaneous magnetization are: (i) substituting Gd 3+ for Bi 3+ increases lattice distortion, suppressing spiral spin modulation; (ii) Gd doping increases saturation magnetization by suppressing O 2 vacancies and adding Fe 3+ ions; and (iii) Gd 3+ -Fe 3+ coupling in Gd-doped BFO improves magnetic properties. 54 The magnetization characteristics such as M s , M r , and H c increased when the Gd-doping concentration at the Bi site of pure BFO perovskite materials increased. Doping affects the Fe-O bond angles, increases magnetism, and suppresses the cycloid spin-modulated structure, and also changes the Bi-O and Fe-O bond distances.…”

“…Doping affects the Fe-O bond angles, increases magnetism, and suppresses the cycloid spin-modulated structure, and also changes the Bi-O and Fe-O bond distances. 54,[62][63][64]…”

Magnetic, Electronic, and Optical Studies of Gd-Doped WO3: A First Principle Study

“…WO 3 exists in more than one crystalline form. The most common structure of WO 3 is cubic, as for ReO 3 [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The crystal structure of WO 3 depends on the temperature when the temperature rises above 770 °C, its crystal shape is tetragonal; between 330 °C and 740 °C, it is orthorhombic; between 17 °C and 33 °C, it is monoclinic; and between −50 °C and 17 °C, it is triclinic [ 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”