“…PM has several advantages, including cost-effectiveness, shorter production processes, relative ease of production, chemical stability, good structure, environmental friendliness, resistance to corrosive environments, SOMT behavior, excellent MCE properties, and easily adjustable T C within the room-temperature range. 40,42,43,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] The basic crystal structure of perovskite ABO 3 is cubic, where cation A occupies the A sites with twelve coordination sites (AO 12 ), and a small portion of cations occupy the B sites with six octahedral coordination (BO 6 ). 19 However, PM are substituted with specific atoms and experience structural distortions due to changes in the cation size and the Jahn-Teller effect.…”