Enhanced mechanical properties of recycled blends acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/high–impact polystyrene from waste electrical and electronic equipment using compatibilizers and virgin polymers

Hirayama, Denise; Nunnenkamp, Lothar Andreas; Braga, Fernando Henrique Guedes; Saron, Clodoaldo

doi:10.1002/app.51873

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 8 ]. ABS and HIPS can be used in washing machines, refrigerators, and other equipment shells, which may have been the reason for its high content in DW2 in our study [ 5 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. In all the studied areas, BEHTBP was the predominant NBFR compound and was attributed to 66.0–88.0% of the measured NBFR concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Brominated Flame Retardants in Dust from E-Waste-Dismantling Workplace in Central China: Contamination Status and Human Exposure Assessment

Wei²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been widely used as alternatives to legacy BFRs. However, information on the contamination status and human exposure risks of electronic waste (e-waste)-derived NBFRs in the e-waste workplace is limited. In this study, six NBFRs and the legacy BFRs, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), were analyzed in 50 dust samples from an e-waste-dismantling workplace in Central China. The dust concentration of NBFRs in e-waste-dismantling workshops (median, 157–169 ng/g) was found to be significantly higher than those in an outdoor environment (17.3 ng/g) (p < 0.01). Differently, the highest median concentration of HBCDs was found in dust from the dismantling workshop for cellphones and computers (367 ng/g) among studied areas. The bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (BEHTBP) was the predominant compound, which contributed 66.0–88.0% of measured NBFR concentrations. NBFRs might originate from plastic and rubber materials in wastes based on the correlation and principal component analysis. Moreover, the total estimated daily intakes (average scenario) of NBFRs were calculated at 2.64 × 10−2 ng/kg bw/d and 2.91 × 10−2 ng/kg bw/d for the male and female dismantling workers, respectively, via dust ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact pathways, which were lower than the reference dose values, and thus indicated a limited human exposure risk for NBFRs at the current level. Although the dust concentrations and daily intakes of NBFRs were still lower than those of other emerging pollutants (e.g., organophosphate and nitrogenous flame retardants) measured in the same sampling set, the elevated levels of NBFRs suggested the progressive BFR replacement process in China, which deserves more attention regarding their adverse effects on both the environment and human health.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Brominated Flame Retardants in Dust from E-Waste-Dismantling Workplace in Central China: Contamination Status and Human Exposure Assessment

Wei²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Toxics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As can be appreciated in Figure 1, the sample of ABS+PC was more heterogenous than the other samples: white ABS, black ABS, and PP. Thereby, it can be expected a low adhesion of the particles of ABS+PC during the extrusion process and the need of using a compatibilizer or impact modifier to improve the tension strength of the 3D filament produced with this e-waste plastic [20]. According to Ramesh et al [21], the PC offers greater mechanical performance and is less susceptible to degradation than the ABS.…”

Section: Collection Of the Waste And Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfactory for Valorization of E-waste Plastics (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, Polycarbonate, and Polypropylene) on Additive Manufacturing Sector

Abelenda¹,

Aiouache²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Less than half of e-waste plastics is sorted worldwide and this rate is likely to decline as major processing countries have banned importation of e-waste plastics. This forces the development of decentralized processing facilities, also known as microfactories. The present work investigates the recyclability of different grades of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer, polycarbonate, and polypropylene, which were found to be very abundant in a recycling site in the UK. The determination of the matrix relied on the resin identification code imprinted in the e-waste plastic and subsequent FTIR analysis. The melt-blend extrusion technology enabled the valorization of the wasted thermoplastics as 3D filament without significant degradation of the polymers. The recycled materials maintained the tensile strength around 2.5 MPa in agreement with the specifications offered by virgin polymers. Further characterization was done by means of laser microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and XRF to determine the commercial viability of the recycled filament. A modified solvent-based method was developed with acetone to remove the brominated flame retardants: 25g/100mL, 30 minutes of contact time, and 4 extraction steps. The FTIR results show that the degradation of the rubbery dispersed phase corresponding to the butadiene can be accumulated in the less soluble fraction of the waste ABS.

show abstract

“…Therefore, polymer blends are an alternative for improving the performance of plastics available on the market. Physical and mechanical properties can be tuned to suit various applications 5,6 . In addition, ordinary equipment from processing industries can be used to obtain and mold polymer blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical and mechanical properties can be tuned to suit various applications. 5,6 In addition, ordinary equipment from processing industries can be used to obtain and mold polymer blends. Particular attention has been devoted to producing polymer blends to toughen fragile polymers, especially biobased polymers, for eco-friendly, degradable, or semi-biodegradable materials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the mechanical and thermomechanical properties through the combined effect of crosslinking and annealing in poly(lactic acid)/acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene blends

Luna,

Da Silva Barbosa Ferreira,

Do Nascimento

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene (AES) was applied as an impact modifier for poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and the combined effect of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinking and annealing heat treatment was investigated. Torque rheometry, melt flow index (MFI), mechanical properties (impact, tensile, and Shore D hardness), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), heat deflection temperature (HDT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were investigated. There was a considerable torque increment and fluidity drop in the PLA/AES/DCP blends caused by the crosslinking process and the formation of PLA‐g‐AES. Consequently, the impact strength and elongation at break properties improved. As an engineering terpolymer, AES was decisive in maintaining high elastic modulus, Shore D hardness, and HDT values. The PLA/AES/DCP (0.8 phr) composition leaned towards a synergism of mechanical properties, gaining 505.6% and 264.8% in impact strength and elongation at break, respectively, compared to neat PLA. FTIR and XRD analysis revealed high crystallinity, with samples presenting large crystals. The higher crystallinity had a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of the PLA/AES/DCP blends. However, there was a marked improvement in HDT and higher toughness compared to PLA. The results before and after annealing the PLA/AES/DCP (0.8 phr) blend are promising for constructing new semi‐biodegradable materials for additive manufacturing.

show abstract

Enhanced mechanical properties of recycled blends acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/high–impact polystyrene from waste electrical and electronic equipment using compatibilizers and virgin polymers

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Novel Brominated Flame Retardants in Dust from E-Waste-Dismantling Workplace in Central China: Contamination Status and Human Exposure Assessment

Novel Brominated Flame Retardants in Dust from E-Waste-Dismantling Workplace in Central China: Contamination Status and Human Exposure Assessment

Microfactory for Valorization of E-waste Plastics (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene, Polycarbonate, and Polypropylene) on Additive Manufacturing Sector

Tuning the mechanical and thermomechanical properties through the combined effect of crosslinking and annealing in poly(lactic acid)/acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene blends

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About