Enhanced miscibility of PBAT/PLA/lignin upon <i>γ</i>‐irradiation and effects on the non‐isothermal crystallization

Barros, Janetty Jany Pereira; Soares, Carlos Pereira; Moura, Esperidiana A. B.; Wellen, Renate Maria Ramos

doi:10.1002/app.53124

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…Hybridization is thought to be an approach that solves all problems related to the structure and properties of heterogeneous blends and composites. All kinds of hybrids are prepared from a very wide variety of materials, including the combination of three polymers [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], two polymers and a filler [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ] or fiber [ 58 , 59 , 60 ], or a polymer matrix and two reinforcements [ 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ], and significant improvement in properties as well as the synergistic effect of the components are claimed in the majority of cases [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. However, hybridization raises many questions, and without addressing them, the claimed property improvement might not occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions, Structure and Properties of PLA/lignin/PBAT Hybrid Blends

Pregi,

Romsics,

Várdai

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was added to poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/lignin blends to decrease the considerable stiffness and brittleness of the blends. Two- and three-component blends were prepared in a wide composition range through homogenization in an internal mixer followed by compression molding. Interactions among the components were estimated by comparing the solubility parameters of the materials used and through thermal analysis. Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile testing. The structure of the blends was studied using scanning electron (SEM) and digital optical (DOM) microscopy. The results showed that the interactions between PBAT and lignin are somewhat stronger than those between PLA and the other two components. The maleic anhydride grafted PLA added as a coupling agent proved completely ineffective; it does not modify the interactions. The structural analysis confirmed the immiscibility of the components; the structure of the blends was heterogeneous at each composition. A dispersed structure formed when the concentration of one of the components was small, while, depending on lignin content, an interpenetrating network-like structure developed and phase inversion took place in the range of 30–60 vol% PBAT content. Lignin was located mainly in the PBAT phase. Properties were determined by the relative amount of PBAT and PLA; the addition of lignin deteriorated properties, mainly the deformability of the blends. Other means, such as reactive processing, must be used to improve compatibility and blend properties. The results contribute considerably to a better understanding of structure–property correlations in lignin-based hybrid blends.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions, Structure and Properties of PLA/lignin/PBAT Hybrid Blends

Pregi,

Romsics,

Várdai

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Effectiveness of modified lignin on poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) mulch film performance

Barros,

Oliveira,

Luna

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blend (ECOVIO®) and lignin, a renewable and biodegradable natural polymer with high UV absorption and modified by gamma radiation were used to produce agriculture mulch films. Lignin was gamma‐irradiated at 30 and 60 kGy. The irradiated and non‐irradiated lignin content of 2 wt% was incorporated into PBAT/PLA blend matrix using a twin‐screw extruder and extrusion blown film to prepare flexible films. PBAT/PLA/LIGNIN films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), tensile tests, contact angle, and UV–Vis analysis. FTIR spectra showed partial miscibility between PBAT/PLA and lignin, being intensified in irradiated lignin compounds. The DSC and XRD results confirmed that the degree of crystallinity of the blends was not significantly influenced by lignin addition. FE‐SEM images showed better dispersion and miscibility in PBAT/PLA/Irradiated lignin. Miscibility improvement provided by irradiated lignin promoted better mechanical properties, mainly with lignin irradiated at 60 kGy. PBAT/PLA/LIGNIN films containing 2 wt% showed excellent UV‐barrier property and greater hydrophobicity. Summing up, incorporation of low contents of irradiated lignin could be an interesting alternative to produce biodegradable UV‐blocking agriculture mulch films.

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Using Urban Residue in Polylactic Acid Composites Part I: Effect of Castor Oil on the Crystallization Kinetics

Dantas,

Araújo,

Barros

et al. 2024

Macro Reaction Engineering

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This work aimed analyzing the chemical and thermal aspects of Polylactic Acid (PLA) composites with Coconut Fiber (CF) and irradiated Coconut Fiber (CFI), upon castor oil (CO) addition. Influence of treated and untreated CF, at 10 and 20 wt.%, on the crystallization kinetics of PLA/CO composites is also investigated. At first, CF is chemically treated through mercerization under NaOH solution with subsequent gamma irradiation. Chemical changes include absence of bands ≈3300 cm−1 and the presence of vibrations at 3000–2851 cm−1 in composites with treated fibers, as evidenced by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal behavior, as well as crystallization kinetics, are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C min−1), using Pseudo‐Avrami (PA), Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), and Ozawa‐Flynn‐Wall (OFW) models. Activation energy (Ea) is calculated using OFW, KAS, Friedman (FR), and Vyazovkin (VZ) methods. Results showed changes in the FTIR spectra for PLA/5%CO/10%CF and PLA/5%CO/20%CFI, indicating absence of the carbonyl group (1594 cm−1) present in the ester group of PLA. Insertion of CFs increased the crystallization temperature. Presence of CFI provided an inversion in Ea, when compared to PLA/CO, suggesting that irradiation induces PLA stronger interactions. Gathered results highlight the potential of modified coconut fibers for the development of sustainable composite materials.

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Enhanced miscibility of PBAT/PLA/lignin upon γ‐irradiation and effects on the non‐isothermal crystallization

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Interactions, Structure and Properties of PLA/lignin/PBAT Hybrid Blends

Interactions, Structure and Properties of PLA/lignin/PBAT Hybrid Blends

Effectiveness of modified lignin on poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) mulch film performance

Using Urban Residue in Polylactic Acid Composites Part I: Effect of Castor Oil on the Crystallization Kinetics

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