Enhanced MPC for Fast Frequency Control in Inverter-Dominated Power Systems

Stanojev, Ognjen; Markovic, Uros; Vrettos, Evangelos; Aristidou, Petros; Callaway, Duncan S.; Hug, Gabriela

doi:10.1109/sest48500.2020.9203035

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…To overcome the limitations and fragility of centralized techniques, several alternatives that leverage improvements in communication and measurement infrastructure have been proposed in the last two decades for distributed SC, e.g., [111], [201], [202], [210], [211], and [212]. Among the different distributed control approaches, most of the techniques are developed in the context of Multi-Agent Systems by leveraging tools from graph theory [213].…”

Section: B: Multi-agent Control Schemes In Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

et al. 2023

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Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) have emerged as a modern real-time energy management architecture that seeks to synergistically coordinate an aggregation of renewable and non-renewable generation systems to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of traditional power grids dominated by synchronous machines. In this survey paper, we review the different existing and emerging feedback control mechanisms and architectures used for the real-time operation of VPPs. In contrast to other works that have mostly focused on the optimal dispatch and economical aspects of VPPs in the hourly and daily time scales, in this paper we focus on the dynamic nature of the system during the faster sub-hourly time scales. The virtual (i.e., software-based) component of a VPP, combined with the power plant (i.e., physics-based) components of the power grid, make VPPs prominent examples of cyber-physical systems, where both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics play critical roles in the stability and transient properties of the system. We elaborate on this interpretation of VPPs as hybrid dynamical systems, and we further discuss open research problems and potential research directions in feedback control systems that could contribute to the safe development and deployment of autonomous VPPs.INDEX TERMS Smart grids, renewable energy, virtual power plant, feedback control, multi-agent hybrid dynamical systems.

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Section: B: Multi-agent Control Schemes In Vppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

et al. 2023

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“…The state vector initial value x f p0q can be retrieved at each time step from the frequency and RoCoF measurements at the PCC. Furthermore, the power imbalance magnitude ∆P can be determined either locally from RoCoF measurements, as discussed in [24], or using data-driven algorithms described in [25]. The discrete-time form of the state-space model ( 7) is obtained by applying the zero-order hold method and used for the frequency evolution prediction.…”

Section: Proposed Control Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Ancillary Services Provision by Distributed Energy Resources in Active Distribution Networks

Stanojev¹,

Guo²,

Aristidou³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The electric power system is currently experiencing radical changes stemming from the increasing share of renewable energy resources and the consequent decommissioning of conventional power plants based on synchronous generators. Since the principal providers of ancillary services are being phased out, new flexibility and reserve providers are needed. The proliferation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in modern distribution networks has opened new possibilities for distribution system operators, enabling them to fill the market gap by harnessing the DER flexibility. This paper introduces a novel centralized MPC-based controller that enables the concurrent provision of voltage support, primary and secondary frequency control by adjusting the setpoints of a heterogeneous group of DERs in active distribution grids. The input-multirate control framework is used to accommodate the distinct timescales and provision requirements of each ancillary service and to ensure that the available resources are properly allocated. Furthermore, an efficient way for incorporating network constraints in the formulation is proposed, where network decomposition is applied to a linear power flow formulation together with network reduction. In addition, different timescale dynamics of the employed DERs and their capability curves are included. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated on several case studies via dynamic simulations of the IEEE 33-bus system.

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“…References [11]- [13] propose a controller that mimics the frequency regulation capability of SGs. Other researchers in [14]- [18] investigate approaches to deliver extra active power from batteries, super-capacitors, and HVDC links. Some CFFC techniques focus on the kinetic energy stored in wind turbine rotors to slow the frequency decline following an LoG event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Fast Frequency Response by Decomposing Frequency into Transient and Steady-State Deviations

Cortés,

Jegarluei,

Azizi

2023

2023 IEEE International Conference on Energy Technologies for Future Grids (ETFG)

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems is reducing the effectiveness of operation, control, and protection schemes traditionally employed in power systems. The decoupling of RESs' kinetic energy from the rest of the system and, thus, the variability of system inertia pose a critical challenge to maintaining frequency stability. In this paper, a new paradigm is set forth for optimal fast-acting frequency containment (OFFC) through a short yet targeted active power injection. This concept builds upon the innovative idea of decomposing frequency response into transient and steadystate deviations. The core aim of OFFC is to reduce or completely remove the transient frequency deviation without unnecessarily changing the settling frequency. This minimizes the time and efforts required to restore the frequency within the statutory limit while avoiding unnecessary expenditure of turbines' lifetime. Only after allocating enough resources for removing the transient deviation, the system operators may utilize the remaining power resources (if any) to reduce the steady-state deviation. The system frequency response (SFR) model and the loss of generation size are needed as input to formulate the shape, time, and volume of the targeted injection required. This is readily accomplished by applying the inverse SFR model to the frequency correction required. Extensive simulations conducted on the IEEE 39-bus test system verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method for OFFC.

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Enhanced MPC for Fast Frequency Control in Inverter-Dominated Power Systems

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

Multiple Ancillary Services Provision by Distributed Energy Resources in Active Distribution Networks

Targeted Fast Frequency Response by Decomposing Frequency into Transient and Steady-State Deviations

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