Enhanced Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in a Denitrifying Bioreactor with Biochar

Bock, Emily; Smith, Nicholas G.; Rogers, Mark; Coleman, Brady S.L.; Reiter, Mark S.; Benham, Brian Leslie; Easton, Zachary M.

doi:10.2134/jeq2014.03.0111

Cited by 82 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In parallel, denitrifying bioreactors have emerged as a practice for removing nitrate from tile drainage. In this issue, Bock et al (2015) evaluated alternative bioreactor designs to couple denitrification with P removal. Nine laboratory-scale bioreactors were evaluated with and without biochar derived from different hardwood and pine materials.…”

Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of biochars in the bioreactors lowered dissolved P concentrations by 65% over 18 h compared with an 8% increase in dissolved P concentrations within the bioreactor with no biochar after 72 h. In addition, these biochars decreased nitrate concentrations, on average, by 86% after 18 h and 97% after 72 h, compared with only 13% at 18 h and 75% at 72 h in the control. While the results of Bock et al (2015) clearly point to the potential for biochar to expand the benefits of bioreactors to remove P and reduce the design residence time by enhancing nutrient removal rates, it is important to point out that the biochar feedstocks were materials with low antecedent P concentrations. Increasingly, biochars derived from manure are being tested as value-added products for livestock farms.…”

Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasingly, biochars derived from manure are being tested as value-added products for livestock farms. Undoubtedly, the results of Bock et al (2015) would be different if biochars derived from poultry litter or other high P byproducts were used.…”

Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Fate, Management, and Modeling in Artificially Drained Systems

et al. 2015

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Phosphorus (P) losses in agricultural drainage waters, both surface and subsurface, are among the most difficult form of nonpoint source pollution to mitigate. This special collection of papers on P in drainage waters documents the range of field conditions leading to P loss in drainage water, the potential for drainage and nutrient management practices to control drainage losses of P, and the ability of models to represent P loss to drainage systems. A review of P in tile drainage and case studies from North America, Europe, and New Zealand highlight the potential for artificial drainage to exacerbate watershed loads of dissolved and particulate P via rapid, bypass flow and shorter flow path distances. Trade-offs are identified in association with drainage intensification, tillage, cover crops, and manure management. While P in drainage waters tends to be tied to surface sources of P (soil, amendments or vegetation) that are in highest concentration, legacy sources of P may occur at deeper depths or other points along drainage flow paths. Most startling, none of the major fate-and-transport models used to predict management impacts on watershed P losses simulate the dominant processes of P loss to drainage waters. Because P losses to drainage waters can be so difficult to manage and to model, major investment are needed (i) in systems that can provide necessary drainage for agronomic production while detaining peak flows and promoting P retention and (ii) in models that can adequately describe P loss to drainage waters.

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Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control and Treatment Of Tile Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphorus Fate, Management, and Modeling in Artificially Drained Systems

et al. 2015

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“…This is not related to TOC loss with fire because that occurred only under trees. The decrease in available P concentrations may be due to binding of P to the charred OC (Bock et al, 2015;Laird et al, 2010).…”

Section: Initial Soil Properties (Patch and Fire Effect)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of respiration and nutrient availability to drying and rewetting in soil from a semi-arid woodland depends on vegetation patch and a recent wildfire

2015

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Abstract. Semi-arid woodlands, which are characterised by patchy vegetation interspersed with bare, open areas, are frequently exposed to wildfire. During summer, long dry periods are occasionally interrupted by rainfall events. It is well known that rewetting of dry soil induces a flush of respiration. However, the magnitude of the flush may differ between vegetation patches and open areas because of different organic matter content, which could be further modulated by wildfire. Soils were collected from under trees, under shrubs or in open areas in unburnt and burnt sandy mallee woodland, where part of the woodland experienced a wildfire which destroyed or damaged most of the aboveground plant parts 4 months before sampling. In an incubation experiment, the soils were exposed to two moisture treatments: constantly moist (CM) and drying and rewetting (DRW). In CM, soils were incubated at 80 % of maximum water holding capacity (WHC) for 19 days; in DRW, soils were dried for 4 days, kept dry for another 5 days, then rewetted to 80 % WHC and maintained at this water content until day 19. Soil respiration decreased during drying and was very low in the dry period; rewetting induced a respiration flush. Compared to soil under shrubs and in open areas, cumulative respiration per gram of soil in CM and DRW was greater under trees, but lower when expressed per gram of total organic carbon (TOC). Organic matter content, available P, and microbial biomass C, but not available N, were greater under trees than in open areas. Wild fire decreased the flush of respiration per gram of TOC in the open areas and under shrubs, and reduced TOC and microbial biomass C (MBC) concentrations only under trees, but had little effect on available N and P concentrations. We conclude that the impact of wildfire and DRW events on nutrient cycling differs among vegetation patches of a native semi-arid woodland which is related to organic matter amount and availability.

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“…The presence of O 2 also represses all subsequent steps, notably the last step converting nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a powerful greenhouse gas, into N 2 (Madigan, 2005). Indeed, N 2 O emission from DNBRs has been identified as a potential drawback in previous studies (Bock et al, 2015;Moorman et al, 2010;Warneke et al, 2011). Even low levels of dissolved O 2 (below 0.5 mg/L) can inhibit denitrification efficiency at every step in the reaction, preventing both the initial NO 3 À removal as well the final conversion of N 2 O to N 2 (Gómez et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%