“…Until now, many kinds of microstructures have been observed, such as microstructured [8], diamond particle [9], micro-re-entrant cavities [10], porous surfaces [11], carbon nanotubes [12], nanowires arrays [13], octagonal micro-posts, or ZnO nanorods, or both [14], Cu micro-porous surface layers [15] micro-fin arrays covered with porous structure [16], microstructured surfaces with a wide range of well-defined surface roughness [17] and metallic foam surface with crossing and single-directional V-shaped groove [18]. These surfaces can actually enhance boiling heat transfer by increasing nucleate site number and effective boiling heat transfer surface area.…”