“…Learning-based approaches: Learning-based approaches have been gaining popularity in the field of entity recognition in scanned drawings and consist of the use of deep learning for training a network to identify building components in technical drawings. Different types of networks have been used throughout the literature, including Graph Neural Networks (GNN) [18,39], Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) [39,55], Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) [56][57][58], Global Convolutional Networks (GCN) [59], Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) [60], Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks (Faster R-CNN) [25], Cascade Mask R-CNN [61,62] and ResNet-50 [63][64][65]. These networks rely on datasets containing large quantities of floor plans to train the network to produce reliable results.…”