Enhanced oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs using nanoparticles with low salinity water and surfactant: A review on experimental and simulation studies

Dordzie, Gideon; Dejam, Morteza

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2021.102449

Cited by 96 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…EOR involves the usage of chemicals or thermal energy to increase the production of oil from the reservoir. Typically, EOR is the last stage of oil production, which is employed at later times during the production of hydrocarbons but could be utilized early on, especially for reservoir systems that require thermal or chemical stimulation for oil production . Fractured carbonate reservoirs (FCRs) are examples of reservoir systems that require the early application of EOR during oil production due to the presence of complex pore structures, fracture networks, and heterogeneities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the successful implementation of LNS for EOR purposes in carbonate reservoirs as described above, relatively few research studies have experimentally investigated the performance of LNS in FCRs . A review conducted on the interaction of NPs with LSW and surfactant for EOR purposes shows the various combinations of LNS that could be applied to both fractured and unfractured carbonate reservoirs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Alternating Injection of Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles with Low Salinity Water and Surfactant into Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Dordzie

Dejam

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Recently, the application of low salinity water (LSW), nanoparticles (NPs), and surfactants (collectively abbreviated as LNS) in carbonate formations for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes has been under investigation, but relatively few studies have been performed for their implementation in fractured carbonate reservoirs (FCRs). The objective of this study is to apply the recently proposed method of alternatively injecting LNS in cycles into FCRs using silica and zirconia NPs. The cumulative oil recovered from the two coreflooding experiments performed at 3000 psi overburden pressure and 70 °C temperature is reported in this study in addition to spontaneous imbibition (SI) experiments. The experimental design is structured to depict the best industrial practice for the injected fluids in FCRs. Furthermore, this work investigates the effect of zirconia NPs on the interfacial tension (IFT) between the injected fluids and crude oil under the previously stated experimental conditions. The outcome of these experiments divulges that the alternating injection of LNS employing silica and zirconia NPs is effective and well suited for EOR applications in FCRs owing to a cumulative oil recovery of approximately 8 and 7% of the original oil in place (OOIP), respectively. This study validates the implementation of the recently proposed alternating injection of the LNS technique for FCRs and shows its performance utilizing newly acquired zirconia NPs, which is relevant for industrial application at a large scale.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Alternating Injection of Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles with Low Salinity Water and Surfactant into Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Dordzie

Dejam

2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“… , In the recent 5 years, more and more attentions have been focused on the potential EOR/IOR of LSW in petroleum, and hence, review publications increased (Table ). − With deeper exploration, microdispersion formation, snap-off, fluid coalescence, and more were suggested as promising LSE mechanisms. − Tetteh et al concluded that microdispersion formation would be one of the future directions for LSW . Wettability alteration is considered as the main reason for LSE in sandstone and carbonate, which was explained both by DLVO and non-DLVO theories .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Underlying Mechanisms of Low Salinity Waterflooding: Comparisons between Sandstone and Carbonate

et al. 2022

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Low salinity effects (LSE) improved recovery could be obtained by reducing salinity and/or modifying the specific ions of injected brines. Low salinity waterflooding (LSW) is described as a certain low-cost and eco-friendly oil recovery technique, when referring the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential by laboratory observations and field pilots in recent decades. Various underlying mechanisms behind LSE were proposed, including saponification, multi-ionic exchange (MIE), electric double-layer (EDL) expansion, fines migration, salt in effect, osmotic effect, and so on. However, first, to our best knowledge, there is not yet a certain mechanism recognized by all experts. Second, LSE mechanisms of sandstones were always taken for granted to be applied directly to carbonates, without considering discrepancies in mineral compositions and pore structures. Third, spontaneous imbibition performances were usually concluded as the indication of wettability alteration, without considering the straightforward effects on imbibition caused by low salinity brine. Review results reveal LSE necessary conditions and influences. Necessary conditions should be satisfied to trigger LSE, including oil phase with polar components, connate water, injected brine key ions composition and low salinity, clay minerals, and initial wettability without the best performance. Their sole or mutual interactions influence LSE functions. Mechanisms could be classified into two types: solid–liquid and liquid–liquid. These (e.g., EDL expansion, MIE, fines migration) caused by solid–liquid could be attributed to wettability alteration, while microdispersion, osmosis effect, and snap-off belong to liquid–liquid interfacial factor. Sandstones mainly consist of quartz and clay, initially tending to behave as initial water wetness, while carbonates mainly consist of calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, mainly behaving as initial oil-wet. Therefore, LSE in carbonates are contributed to by mechanisms related with wettability alteration, while LSE in sandstones are mainly related to other factors. The findings of this study can help with better understanding of LSE and speeding up our further endeavors to explore its potential in EOR.

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“…Therefore, the issue of how to effectively enhance oil recovery of mature fault-block reservoirs has attracted more and more attention. Many technologies have been proposed with the thinking of improving oil displacement efficiency and expanding the sweep volume, such as polymer flooding (Zhou et al 2020;Alfazazi et al 2019;Sharafi et al 2018;Saboorian et al 2016), polymer gel (Bai et al 2015;Qiu et al 2022), polymer-surfactant binary combined flooding (Kamari et al 2016;Yan et al 2018;Xu et al 2017;Dordzie et al 2021) and so on. These tertiary oil recovery technologies based on polymer flooding has been proved by field application in improving the oil recovery and achieved remarkable economic value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic mechanism of well pattern adjustment and heterogeneous phase combined flooding on enhancing oil recovery in mature fault-block reservoirs

Liu

Chen³

et al. 2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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With the maturity of fault-block reservoirs, the water percolation channels are formed after long-term waterflooding, which leads to large amounts remaining oil unrecovered and low recovery efficiency. Thus, it is imperative to seek for enhancing oil recovery methods to improve the development performance of mature fault-block reservoirs. Well pattern adjustment and heterogeneous phase combined flooding are both feasible technologies for enhancing oil recovery in mature fault-block reservoirs. Nevertheless, both technologies have their limitations. Thus, a hybrid approach combining WPA and HPCF was proposed. In this study, the large-scale plate sand-pack model flooding experiments were conducted to investigate whether hybrid strategy has better EOR ability than the single WPA or HPCF. Thereafter, on the basis of incremental oil recovery and distribution of remaining oil, the mechanism of the synergistic effect of WPA and HPCF was illustrated. Finally, the influence of reservoir inclination on development performance was proposed. The results show that EOR of hybrid strategy is the highest, followed by single HPCF, and single WPA is the least. The HPCF mainly recovers remaining oil on both sides of main streamline after water flooding, and it prolongs the period of EOR validity. WPA can change the fluid flow direction and force the subsequent liquid enters the un-swept non-main streamline areas in the water flooding stage. Furthermore, by combining WPA and HPCF, the HPCF can enter the non-main streamline areas to expand sweep volume and improve oil displacement efficiency under the induction of WPA. Besides, the reservoir inclination has an obvious influence on the development performance of fault-block reservoir. With the increase of reservoir inclination, the incremental oil recovery of the single strategy or hybrid strategy decreases. Thus, these findings of this study can help for better understanding the synergetic effect of HPCF and WPA, which can provide a hybrid strategy for enhancing oil recovery in mature fault-block reservoir.

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Enhanced oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs using nanoparticles with low salinity water and surfactant: A review on experimental and simulation studies

Cited by 96 publications

References 126 publications

Experimental Study on Alternating Injection of Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles with Low Salinity Water and Surfactant into Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Experimental Study on Alternating Injection of Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles with Low Salinity Water and Surfactant into Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs for Enhanced Oil Recovery

Review on Underlying Mechanisms of Low Salinity Waterflooding: Comparisons between Sandstone and Carbonate

Synergistic mechanism of well pattern adjustment and heterogeneous phase combined flooding on enhancing oil recovery in mature fault-block reservoirs

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