Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Astaxanthin with Droplet Size Reduction

Abstract

Astaxanthin is a natural xanthophyll abundantly found in Haematococcus pluvaris with strong antioxidant property and it is found to be useful in many biological functions. Recent scientific findings indicate that astaxanthin shows low oral bioavailability due to its lipophilicity. However, the influence of emulsion droplet size on astaxanthin bioavailability is yet to be studied. This study was performed to investigate the effects of emulsion droplet size reduction on the bioavailability of astaxanthin emulsion through oral administration. In vivo study was carried out to evaluate the rate and extent of absorption of macro and nanosized emulsion an oil solution formulation. The nanosized emulsion shows increased C max and AUC 0-∞ and decreased T max values with a reduction of the emulsion globule size. The AUC 0-∞ of nanosized compared to macrosized emulsion and oil solution was increased by 110% − 140% and 140% − 200% respectively.

Improved Carotenoid Processing with Sustainable Solvents Utilizing Z-Isomerization-Induced Alteration in Physicochemical Properties: A Review and Future Directions

“…Ample studies have reported that micronization of carotenoids results in their increased bioavailability [110,111]. Generally, carotenoid micronization is conducted by milling, grinding, and chemical precipitation [112,113,114].…”

Development of Nanoemulsion Preconcentrate of Capsanthin with Improved Chemical Stability

“…Our goal was to identify an optimal nanoemulsion preconcentrate that can solubilize high amount of capsanthin. As emulsion droplet size has been shown to be inversely proportional to the carotenoid bioavailability, 31 we also wanted to develop SNEF that can yield nanoemulsion with small globule size (<100 nm).…”

Effect of Nanoemulsification on the Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Activities of Selected Spice Essential Oils and Their Major Constituents Against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium

“…The PDI value ranged between 0.15 and 0.26 for the EOs and between 0.10 and 0.39 for the EOs components (Table 2). PDI represents the variation in droplet size of the nanoemulsions, which is mainly affected by the kinetics of surface adsorption of the emulsifier [45,46]. In fact, the small PDI value below 0.2 denotes uniformity among oil droplet sizes and better stability, whereas values closer to 1.0 indicate a heterogeneous distribution [47].…”