Enhanced Osteoblast Adhesion on Polymeric Nano-Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field which is emerged for the development of viable substitutes that restore and maintain the function of human bone tissues. The success of bone tissue engineering depends on designing of the scaffolds. The polymer-based composite scaffolds containing micro-and nano-structures could provide a platform influencing osteoblastic cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. Osteoblasts may adhere strongly to the nano-structures than micro-structures in the scaffolds due to the large surface area, better osteointegrative property and mechanical reliability etc. In this review we are focusing the factors such as pore size, surface topography and roughness, protein adsorption and wettability of nano-structures and their interaction with cell surface integrins molecules. A better understanding of the interactions of nano-structures with osteoblastic cells will have potential applications in the regeneration of bone.

Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of a bio-composite scaffold containing chitosan/nano-hydroxyapatite/nano-silver for bone tissue engineering

“…These sizes matched with the sizes of the nHAp particles that were initially used for the scaffold fabrication, confirming that there was no alteration of the nHAp dimension in the scaffolds. The nano-structured topography in the polymeric scaffolds may be responsible for enhanced cell adhesion and spreading as reported earlier [15].…”

“…Silver, in its oxidized form [Ag + ], is an antibacterial agent and it is used in different forms like ionic, metallic, colloidal, etc. [13][14][15][16]. The antibacterial property of metals such as titanium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, and lead varies significantly and the effectiveness of metals to resist bacterial attachment varies with the bacterial strain [17].…”

In vitro evaluation of electrospun PCL/nanoclay composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

“…Higher protein adsorption was noticed in 4 % NC containing scaffolds. Such increment in protein adsorption in 4 % NC scaffold may be related to the difference in surface composition of the nanofibrous scaffolds [37,38]. Other reasons include high surface area contributed by some of the exposed NC and also due to the fine surface morphology of the fibers.…”

Chitosan scaffolds containing silicon dioxide and zirconia nano particles for bone tissue engineering

“…It is now generally recognized that one of the key issues in tissue engineering is the development of suitable biodegradable materials and scaffolds for subsequent growth of tissues [2]. To replace the damaged joints, the orthopedic implants and scaffolds have been developed [3]. The scaffold should fulfill several requirements like porous structure, controlled biodegradability or bioresorbability, so that tissue will eventually replace the scaffold, adequate mechanical properties to match the intended site of implantation [4].…”