Biomolecule‐reinforced graphene materials (Bio‐RGMs) have emerged as versatile matrices for biomedical and tissue engineering applications, owing to the combination of graphene‐based materials (GMs) with biomolecular components and their synergistic effects. In this review, an overview of the design, synthesis, structural/functional regulation, and bone engineering applications of various Bio‐RGMs is provided. Both covalent and noncovalent methods for conjugating biomolecules onto GMs, followed by an exploration of the structural diversity of Bio‐RGMs, ranging from 1D nanofibers to 2D membranes and 3D scaffolds/hydrogels/aerogels are discussed. Techniques such as electrospinning, self‐assembly, freeze‐drying, 3D printing, and templated synthesis are highlighted for their roles in designing and fabricating Bio‐RGM architectures. Additionally, specific properties and functions endowed to Bio‐RGMs by biomolecule conjugation, including biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, drug delivery ability, and fluorescent sensing are examined. Finally, recent advance is showcased in fabricating Bio‐RGMs for the bone tissue engineering applications of bone repair, regeneration, grafting, drug/cell delivery, and tumor inhibition, and further, the potential of Bio‐RGMs for preclinical applications is analyzed. It is believed that this review will deepen readers’ understanding of biomolecule–GM interactions and inspire the development of innovative Bio‐RGMs for advanced biomedical and tissue engineering applications.