Enhanced performance of core-shell hybrid magnetorheological elastomer with nanofillers

Bastola, Anil K.; Hossain, Mokarram

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2021.129944

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The properties of MREs are affected by the types of additives used [ 8 ]. Magnetic fillers and reinforcing fillers are commonly used as additives in MREs [ 9 , 10 ]. Magnetic fillers can be classified based on their particle size, shape, or surface area [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites

et al. 2023

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The demand for multi-functional elastomers is increasing, as they offer a range of desirable properties such as reinforcement, mechanical stretchability, magnetic sensitivity, strain sensing, and energy harvesting capabilities. The excellent durability of these composites is the key factor behind their promising multi-functionality. In this study, various composites based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), clay minerals (MT-Clay), electrolyte iron particles (EIP), and their hybrids were used to fabricate these devices using silicone rubber as the elastomeric matrix. The mechanical performance of these composites was evaluated, with their compressive moduli, which was found to be 1.73 MPa for the control sample, 3.9 MPa for MWCNT composites at 3 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), 2.2 MPa for MT-Clay composites (8 phr), 3.2 MPa for EIP composites (80 phr), and 4.1 MPa for hybrid composites (80 phr). After evaluating the mechanical performance, the composites were assessed for industrial use based on their improved properties. The deviation from their experimental performance was studied using various theoretical models such as the Guth–Gold Smallwood model and the Halpin–Tsai model. Finally, a piezo-electric energy harvesting device was fabricated using the aforementioned composites, and their output voltages were measured. The MWCNT composites showed the highest output voltage of approximately 2 milli-volt (mV), indicating their potential for this application. Lastly, magnetic sensitivity and stress relaxation tests were performed on the hybrid and EIP composites, with the hybrid composite demonstrating better magnetic sensitivity and stress relaxation. Overall, this study provides guidance on achieving promising mechanical properties in such materials and their suitability for various applications, such as energy harvesting and magnetic sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites

et al. 2023

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“…Recently, magneto-mechanical experiments have been carried out to determine the influence of magnetic field at both small strain regimes [242,243] and large deformation finite strains [212]. The loading-unloading mechanical tests at different strain rates were used to understand the dissipative behavior of hMSMs for various external magnetic fields [244].…”

Section: Magneto-mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy

Narayanan,

Pramanik,

Arockiarajan

2024

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Hard-magnetic soft materials (hMSMs) are smart composites that consist of a mechanically soft polymer matrix impregnated with mechanically hard magnetic filler particles. This dual-phase composition renders them with exceptional magneto-mechanical properties that allow them to undergo large reversible deformations under the influence of external magnetic fields. Over the last decade, hMSMs have found extensive applications in soft robotics, adaptive structures, and biomedical devices. However, despite their widespread utility, they pose considerable challenges in fabrication and magneto-mechanical characterization owing to their multi-phase nature, miniature length scales, and nonlinear material behavior. Although noteworthy attempts have been made to understand their coupled nature, the rudimentary concepts of inter-phase interactions that give rise to their mechanical nonlinearity remain insufficiently understood, and this impedes their further advancements. This holistic review addresses these standalone concepts and bridges the gaps by providing a thorough examination of their myriad fabrication techniques, applications, and experimental, and modeling approaches. Specifically, the review presents a wide spectrum of fabrication techniques, ranging from traditional molding to cutting-edge four-dimensional (4D) printing, and their unbounded prospects in diverse fields of research. The review covers various modeling approaches, including continuum mechanical frameworks encompassing phenomenological and homogenization models, as well as microstructural models. Additionally, it addresses emerging techniques like machine learning-based modeling in the context of hMSMs. Finally, the expansive landscape of these promising material systems is provided for a better understanding and prospective research.

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“…Such magneto-sensitive materials are usually composed of two phases: i) a continuous or carrier phase and ii) a discontinuous or dispersed phase embedded in the former. Regarding the carrier matrix, they are usually classified as magnetorheological fluids [3,15,69], ferrogels [23,84] and magnetorheological elastomers [6,5,17,28,32,49]. Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are composed of a vulcanized polymeric carrier matrix with magnetic particles embedded on fixed positions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of soft and hard magnetic particles on the mechanical performance of ultra-soft magnetorheological elastomers

Moreno-Mateos

López-Donaire

Hossain

et al. 2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) mechanically respond to external magnetic stimuli by changing their mechanical properties and/or changing their shape. Recent studies have shown the great potential of MREs when manufactured with an extremely soft matrix and soft-magnetic particles. Under the application of an external magnetic field, such MREs present significant mechanical stiffening, and when the magnetic field is off, they show a softer response, being these alternative states fully reversible. Although soft-magnetic particles are suitable for their high magnetic susceptibility, they require the magnetic actuation to remain constant in order to achieve the magneto-mechanical stiffening. Here, we present an alternative solution based on hard-magnetic MREs to provide stiffening responses that can be sustained along time without the need of keeping the external magnetic field on. To this end, we manufacture novel extremely soft hard-magnetic MREs (stiffness in the order of 1~kPa) and characterise them under magneto-mechanical shear and confined magnetic expansion deformation modes, providing a comparison framework with the soft-magnetic counterparts. The extremely soft nature of the matrix allows for easily activating the magneto-mechanical couplings under external magnetic actuation. In this regard, we provide a novel approach by setting the magnetic actuation below the fully magnetic saturating field. In addition, free deformation tests provide hints on the microstructural transmission of torques from the hard-magnetic particles to the viscoelastic carrier matrix, resulting in macroscopic geometrical effects and complex functional morphological changes.

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Enhanced performance of core-shell hybrid magnetorheological elastomer with nanofillers

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites

Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites

Hard magnetics and soft materials—a synergy

Effects of soft and hard magnetic particles on the mechanical performance of ultra-soft magnetorheological elastomers

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