Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hydrothermally Synthesized Perovskite Strontium Titanate Nanocubes

Influence of Synthesis Procedures on the Preparation of Strontium Titanate Nanoparticles and Photocatalytic application for Methylene blue degradation

“…The FTIR spectra of ST1 samples were heated at 120 °C and calcined at 400 °C are presented in Figure S1. The peaks around 3400 cm -1 and 1600 cm -1 are due to OH groups' O-H stretching and bending vibrations [14,34]. The spectrum of the as-prepared ST1 sample exhibits a band at 1741 cm -1 assigned to -C=O stretching vibrations in the bidentate carboxylate group.…”

“…Generally, SrTiO 3 could be prepared by ceramic (solid-state, high energy ball milling) and various wet chemical routes such as coprecipitation, sol-gel, Pechini, hydrothermal, solvothermal, sonochemical, and microemulsion [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Among the numerous synthesis methods, Pechini is one of the practical production techniques for preparing nanopowders due to the relatively simple, homogeneously dispersed gel precursor formation and low-temperature process.…”

Nanostructural Design of ZnO Using an Agro-Waste Extract for a Sustainable Process and Its Photocatalytic Activity

“…Doping and heterojunction design can be used to obtain ZnO with improved crystal quality and optical properties and to reduce the charge carrier recombination. − Moreover, tuning the nanostructure morphology is another important aspect in the development of photocatalysts with a potential research interest. ,, The design of different nanostructures requires different types of structure-directing agents (SDA) or templates and includes different material preparation routes such as sol–gel, coprecipitation, hydrothermal, and microwave-assisted methods. ,, However, these methods require different solvents, toxic reducing agents, and other basic media such as KOH, NaOH, and NH 4 OH, which are costly, harmful, and highly reactive in the environment . Therefore, green synthesis is a new approach to nanomaterial synthesis that minimizes environmental impact and has many advantages over traditional synthesis routes, for example, it is more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. ,− Green synthesis methods use plant extracts (from roots, leaves, and flowers), peel extracts, microorganisms, algae, and so forth . The formation of most oxide semiconductors via traditional and green chemical synthesis routes requires basic media; however, the use of synthetic bases consumes a large amount of chemical energy during nanomaterial synthesis.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop, implement, and improve numerous policy measures and innovative methods to lessen the impact of waste on people and the environment. With an increasing interest in the green synthesis of nanomaterials, − researchers have focused on selecting waste products to prepare ZnO nanomaterials, transforming waste into a value-added product. Such a protocol replaces the homogeneous hazardous bases like NaOH or KOH.…”

Electrochemical Degradation of Methylene Blue by a Flexible Graphite Electrode: Techno-Economic Evaluation

“…There are widely used methods for the separation of MB from the environment, including biological processes, − adsorption, − membranes, − ion exchange, coagulation processes, − hybrid processes, − and enhanced photocatalytic processes. − However, these methods have drawbacks such as the high capital and operating costs required for membrane processes, high chemical consumption during coagulation/flocculation for pH adjustment and adsorption/ion exchange for sorbent regeneration, pollution transfer from one phase to another during adsorption/ion exchange, high sludge production during coagulation, the requirement for an enabling environment for biological processes, and the low removal efficiency of MB. , As a result, enhancements to existing technologies are required to overcome these disadvantages. So far, electrochemical anodic oxidation processes (EAOPs) have received great interest for the treatment of aqueous media containing organic pollutants as they have advantages over their counterparts in terms of being eco-friendly, needing simple equipment and operation, no sludge formation, and relatively higher removal efficiencies. − …”