Enhanced photochemical degradation and transformation of ciprofloxacin in a UV/calcium peroxide system: pH effects, defluorination kinetics, and different components numerical analysis

Removal of typical pollutant ciprofloxacin using iron–nitrogen co-doped modified corncob in the presence of hydrogen peroxide

“…4,5 Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is frequently found as the decomposition product of another widely used antibiotic, enrofloxacin. 6–8 Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone of the second generation, has a stable molecular structure and is resistant to biotransformation and degradation in water. 9,10 In aquatic environments, the residual ciprofloxacin concentration varies from ng L −1 to mg L −1 , with a high of 31 mg L −1 .…”