Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>/ITO Nanocomposites Grown onto Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes at a Low Temperature by Nanocluster Deposition

Duong, Thanh–Tung; Nguyen, Quan; Hong, Soon–Ku; Kim, Dojin; Yoon, Soon‐Gil; Huy, Phạm Thành

doi:10.1002/adma.201103030

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Pure TiO 2 can only be activated with UV light; therefore, 95 % of the solar photons are not used by TiO 2 , which greatly limits its practical application. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Bi 2 WO 6 possesses interesting physical properties such as ferroelectric piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, catalytic behavior, and a nonlinear dielectric susceptibility. [7][8][9][10] However, these doped TiO 2 materials show little absorption of visible light; moreover, the photocatalytic activities are still very low owing to complicated factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the development of improved photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Bi 2 WO 6 possesses interesting physical properties such as ferroelectric piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, catalytic behavior, and a nonlinear dielectric susceptibility. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Recently, Bi 2 WO 6 has attracted extensive interest for its good performance in the photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds and the photocatalytic O 2 evolution, respectively, under visible-light irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi₂WO₆ 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Zhang

Bahnemann

2013

ChemSusChem

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Herein we report a facile and economic method to prepare nanovoid Bi(2)WO(6) 2D ordered arrays employing a simple self-assembly procedure. The electrochemical properties and performance of the 2D nanoarray as a photoanode for water splitting are investigated and compared with a conventional photoanode of similar thickness. The 2D array photoanode shows a much higher photocurrent density and photon-to-H(2) conversion efficiency even with a small content of the Bi(2)WO(6) material. The enhancement is further studied and explained on the basis of the superiority of light scattering and photogenerated hole diffusion within the 2D array structure. This work provides a facile method to improve the efficiency of solar energy conversion systems by minimizing the charge-carrier diffusion length and reducing the light reflection, as well as reducing the amount of the semiconductor material (often costly and/or rare) present in the photoanode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi₂WO₆ 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Zhang

Bahnemann

2013

ChemSusChem

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“…Substantial improvements in the TiO 2 photocatalytic activity have been achieved with mixtures of TiO 2 and MWCNTs [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], SWCNTs [20][21][22] or graphene [23]. Due to their availability, MWCNTs have been widely studied, even though SWCNTs and graphene are expected to have a better performance [20,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined modification of a TiO2 photocatalyst with two different carbon forms

Ansón‐Casaos

Tacchini

Unzue

et al. 2013

Applied Surface Science

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Hydrothermally synthesized titanate nanotubes were carbon-doped through a thermal treatment in the presence of glucose followed by blending with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A series of TiO 2 -based materials was prepared with various initial glucose contents and two SWCNT types, resulting in total carbon contents from 0.3 wt.% to nearly 26 wt.%. Electron microscopy observations indicated that titanate nanotubes were converted into nanorods during the thermal treatment, and X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed that all the treated materials mostly consisted of anatase TiO 2 . Glucose pyrolisis caused changes in the infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra of the titania material, indicating an interaction between the inserted carbon atoms and titanium atoms. Raman spectra of SWCNT/C/TiO 2 hybrids showed characteristic bands of both the SWCNT and anatase TiO 2 phases. SWCNT/C/TiO 2 multicomponent materials demonstrated substantially better photocatalytic activities than P25 TiO 2 for methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation. Independently from its origin, the presence of carbon caused a strong increase in the TiO 2 visible light absorption. However, the results obtained with the C/TiO 2 and SWCNT/C/TiO 2 photocatalysts clearly showed different photocatalysis mechanisms depending on the carbon form.

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“…8 In particular, CNT combined with titania (TiO 2 ) has resulted in an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of TiO 2 photoanodes, 1,2,5,10,11,21,22 and photocatalysts. [21][22][23][24] At photon energy superior to ∼3.2 eV (TiO 2 bandgap), electrons from the TiO 2 valence band (VB) transfer to the conduction band (CB), creating a hole or vacancy in the VB.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transparent TiO₂Photoanodes Based on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Alvarado-Tenorio

Rincón

Calva-Yáñez

et al. 2012

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Transparent titania (TiO 2 ) photoanodes deposited on single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) films obtained by drop casting (TD) and filtration (TF) were characterized in various electrolytes. Improved photoelectrochemical performance was observed in the two types of transparent photoelectrodes relative to those without SWCNT. For both SWCNT deposition methods, the best photoanode performance corresponds to SWCNT films with 75-85% optical transmittance (T). Overall, there is a 50-60% increment in photovoltage caused by the addition of SWCNT. For photoanodes with 85%T, the SWCNT fabrication method has little impact on photocurrent, fill factor, and flatband potential. Characteristic times (τ), on the other hand, are similar in TiO 2 and in photoanodes based on filtrated-SWCNT films, but a factor of 3 to 6 larger on those fabricated on casted-SWCNT (τ = 1-2 s). Differences between τ(TF) and τ(TD) indicate different trapping/detrapping dynamics within the SWCNT-TiO 2 electrodes, which could originate from the different Fermi levels observed in the SWCNT-TiO 2 electrodes.Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been considered for the fabrication of photoelectrochemical (PEC) 1-13 and organic solar cells, 14-20 because of their electrical properties, high surface area, and excellent stability. 8 In particular, CNT combined with titania (TiO 2 ) has resulted in an effective strategy to enhance the efficiency of TiO 2 photoanodes, 1,2,5,10,11,21,22 and photocatalysts. 21-24 At photon energy superior to ∼3.2 eV (TiO 2 bandgap), electrons from the TiO 2 valence band (VB) transfer to the conduction band (CB), creating a hole or vacancy in the VB. The role of CNT in CNT-TiO 2 photoanodes is to provide large supporting surface areas and promote the separation of photogenerated electron-hole charges. Charge directionality and a minimum path for collection have been claimed in semiconductor nanoarchitectures based on CNT,5,9,13,21 affecting the recombination rate of charge carriers. The typical short-circuit photocurrent density (J sc ) reported for single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT)-TiO 2 photoanodes with optical transmittance below 60% is in the range of 40-80 μA/cm 2 , depending on the SWCNT/TiO 2 ratio. 2,10 For CNT/TiO 2 core-shell nanocomposites based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the range of J sc values is similar but only if irradiation is carried out under the simultaneous application of a positive bias. 21,22 Clearly, many factors such as carbon content, surface area, CNT/TiO 2 ratio and interfacial contact control the performance of these composites, still few studies have focused on the development of transparent solar cells, were the transmittance, resistance and overall photoelectrochemical performance must be optimized.In this contribution we report the fabrication of transparent SWCNT-TiO 2 photoanodes using simple techniques. We compare the performance of photoanodes based on SWCNT deposited by drop casting with those obtained by filtration. Important differences were found at lower film transmittance, but compara...

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Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity of the TiO₂/ITO Nanocomposites Grown onto Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes at a Low Temperature by Nanocluster Deposition

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi₂WO₆ 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi₂WO₆ 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Combined modification of a TiO2 photocatalyst with two different carbon forms

Transparent TiO₂Photoanodes Based on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity of the TiO2/ITO Nanocomposites Grown onto Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes at a Low Temperature by Nanocluster Deposition

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi2WO6 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi2WO6 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Combined modification of a TiO2 photocatalyst with two different carbon forms

Transparent TiO2Photoanodes Based on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Product

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Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity of the TiO₂/ITO Nanocomposites Grown onto Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes at a Low Temperature by Nanocluster Deposition

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi₂WO₆ 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Synthesis of Nanovoid Bi₂WO₆ 2D Ordered Arrays as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Transparent TiO₂Photoanodes Based on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes