Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Polymer P(VDF-TrFE) as a Processed Additive

Abstract

It is known that CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films with high crystallization and controlled morphology always show enhanced power conversion efficiency. Here we incorporate a small amount of polyvinylidene fluoride−trifluoroethylene polymer P(VDF-TrFE) into PbI 2 solution to control the crystallinity and morphology of perovskite layer in a two-step deposition process. Our results show that the P(VDF-TrFE) bridges the grain boundaries and also enhances the crystallinity of the perovskite layer significantly. By adjusting P(VDF-TrFE) concentration, the fabricated perovskite solar cells show improved average power conversion efficiency from 9.57 ± 0.25% to 12.54 ± 0.40% under a standard illumination of 100 milliwatts per square centimeter, which increases by nearly 31%. Thus, we demonstrate a new strategy to control the crystallinity and morphology of perovskite films by incorporating polymer into PbI 2 film in a two-step deposition process. In addition, this method has been proven as an effective way to prepare high-performance perovskite solar cells.

All Green Solvents for Fabrication of CsPbBr3 Films for Efficient Solar Cells Guided by the Hansen Solubility Theory

“…It is noted that the integrated J sc (5.83 and 7.06 mA cm −2 ) from IPCE spectrum is lower than the value obtained from the reverse scan J–V curve. This phenomenon is also observed in previous reports on the CsPbBr 3 ‐based solar cells and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite‐based solar cells . The discrepancy of J sc obtained from J–V curves and IPCE spectra may be ascribed to the fact that the loss of ultraviolet spectra (less than 350 nm) due to the limitation of the instrument or the defects in the TiO 2 layer .…”

Anti‐Oxidizing Radical Polymer‐Incorporated Perovskite Layers and their Photovoltaic Characteristics in Solar Cells

“…An incorporation of a small amount of polymers as a scaffold for the formation of high‐quality perovskite crystals has been also studied . Grätzel and co‐workers reported that a small addition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in a perovskite formation enhanced the perovskite grain quality and yielded a higher conversion efficiency, and Zhao et al .…”

“…[31,32] An incorporation of asmall amount of polymers as ascaffold for the formation of high-quality perovskite crystals has been also studied. [33,34] Grätzela nd co-workers [35] reported that a small addition of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in ap erovskite formatione nhanced the perovskite grain quality and yielded ah igherc onversion efficiency,a nd Zhao et al [36] demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol) as as elf-healing scaffold for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite formation improved the cell durability.T he residual polymers or polymer coating upon the perovskite layer have also been frequently reported to form ah ydrophobic thin layer to give water repellency on the formed layers. [37] However,c onventional polymers are electrically insu-As mall amount of ar adical-bearing redox-active polymer, poly(1-oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ylm ethacrylate) (PTMA), incorporated into the photovoltaic organo-lead halide perovskite layer significantly enhanced durability of both the perovskite layer andi ts solar cell and even exposure to ambient air or oxygen.P TMA acted as an eliminating agent of the superoxide anion radicalf ormed upon light irradiation on the layer,w hichc an react with the perovskite compound and decompose it to lead halide.Acell fabricated with aP TMA-incor-poratedp erovskite layer and ah ole-transporting polytriarylamine layer gave ap hotovoltaic conversion efficiency of 18.8 % (18.2 %f or the control without PTMA).…”

Facile preparation of high-quality perovskites for efficient solar cells via a fast conversion of wet PbI2precursor films

“…8,[30][31][32][33][34][35] Recently, we demonstrated that the incorporation of polymer P(VDF-TrFE) into the PbI 2 precursor lm can achieve the complete conversion of PbI 2 to MAPbI 3 by retarding the crystallization of PbI 2 . 36 Gong et al 37 reported that the application of the mesoporous PbI 2 scaffolds, employing the nucleation and growth of PbI 2 crystallites in a wet lm, can be rapidly converted into perovskite lms without any PbI 2 residue. Additionally, some researchers also introduced a strongly coordinative solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) into the dimethylformamide (DMF) precursor solution of PbI 2 with an aim at forming the different PbI 2 (DMSO) x complexes and retarding the crystallization of PbI 2 , which facilitated the conversion of lead iodide to perovskites and the formation of high-quality perovskite lms aer high-temperature thermal annealing.…”