Nanotechnology, a significant technological advancement in the current century, has brought about revolutionary changes in numerous fields by manipulating matter at the nanoscale. This review paper examines the various applications of nanoparticles in the concrete industry, emphasizing their potential to improve mechanical qualities, thermal performance and sustainability. This study investigates multiple synthesis strategies, such as grafting, sol–gel, chemical and biological procedures, which offer concrete engineers a diverse range of options to tailor the properties of nanoparticles. The utilization of this particular material results in notable enhancements in many mechanical properties of concrete, including its compressive and flexural strength, toughness, thermal conductivity and self-sensing capabilities. These improvements ultimately contribute to the overall enhancement of the concrete’s structural integrity and energy efficiency. Adding nanoparticles to concrete has also been shown to help it develop self-healing properties. This means that structures last longer and require less maintenance. Making building materials more resistant to chemical corrosion, wear and environmental forces is also a big step in making them last longer. The growing emphasis on sustainability within the building industry has generated heightened attention toward utilizing self-healing concrete, which frequently incorporates nanoparticles. To make the building industry more environmentally friendly, using less traditional cement and recycling personal safety equipment (PPE) like vinyl and latex gloves can help protect the environment. This review also highlights the significant problems in employing nanoparticles in concrete: obtaining equal dispersion, handling-costs and addressing environmental and health concerns. However, nanotechnology is advancing construction concrete research to improve mechanical properties and durability.
