“…Around 800 000 tons of dyes are used annually worldwide for a variety of purposes, including cosmetics, printing, textile colouring, and paper, among others; nevertheless, during the dyeing process, 20% of the dyes are lost, 2 which are carcinogenic and harm the aquatic ecosystem and all organisms, even at extremely low concentrations. 3 Methylene blue (MB) is very toxic and carcinogenic and is widely utilized in a variety of industries, such as textile, food, printing, paper, detergent, and coating production, laboratories, and the medical sector. In some species, exposure to MB has been linked to haematological toxicity, the development of Heinz bodies, and even haemolytic anaemia.…”